Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demon...Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.展开更多
中国的蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)和西藏野驴(E. kiang)，其分布区在动物地理区划上同属古北界，但蒙古野驴分布在蒙新区，西藏野驴在青藏区，两区的自然地理特点差异显著。蒙古野驴分布区面积约为14×104 km2 (40°20′～46...中国的蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)和西藏野驴(E. kiang)，其分布区在动物地理区划上同属古北界，但蒙古野驴分布在蒙新区，西藏野驴在青藏区，两区的自然地理特点差异显著。蒙古野驴分布区面积约为14×104 km2 (40°20′～46°40′N、85°40′～107°30′E)，海拔高程介于700～1500 m,初步估算数量不超过2000头；西藏野驴分布区面积约为97×104 km2 (27°48′～39°27′N、78°40′～103°00′E)，海拔高程介于3000～5500 m，初步估算有近90*!000头。地质时代野驴分布较广泛，历史时期分布区不断变迁和退缩，本文对其原因亦作了初步探讨。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31621062)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA2004010302)+4 种基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP)Program (2019QZKK05010703)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91731304, 31822048)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB13020600)Qinghai Department of Science and Technology Major ProjectState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan,Yunnan University(2018KF001)supported by the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Large Research Infrastructure Funding)
文摘Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.
文摘中国的蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)和西藏野驴(E. kiang)，其分布区在动物地理区划上同属古北界，但蒙古野驴分布在蒙新区，西藏野驴在青藏区，两区的自然地理特点差异显著。蒙古野驴分布区面积约为14×104 km2 (40°20′～46°40′N、85°40′～107°30′E)，海拔高程介于700～1500 m,初步估算数量不超过2000头；西藏野驴分布区面积约为97×104 km2 (27°48′～39°27′N、78°40′～103°00′E)，海拔高程介于3000～5500 m，初步估算有近90*!000头。地质时代野驴分布较广泛，历史时期分布区不断变迁和退缩，本文对其原因亦作了初步探讨。
