In the plethora of conceptual and algorithmic developments supporting data analytics and system modeling,humancentric pursuits assume a particular position owing to ways they emphasize and realize interaction between ...In the plethora of conceptual and algorithmic developments supporting data analytics and system modeling,humancentric pursuits assume a particular position owing to ways they emphasize and realize interaction between users and the data.We advocate that the level of abstraction,which can be flexibly adjusted,is conveniently realized through Granular Computing.Granular Computing is concerned with the development and processing information granules–formal entities which facilitate a way of organizing knowledge about the available data and relationships existing there.This study identifies the principles of Granular Computing,shows how information granules are constructed and subsequently used in describing relationships present among the data.展开更多
The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible...The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible support from the criminal law. The criminal law cannot be absent from promoting the rule of law in education. However, in practice, teachers’ disciplinary behaviors are often ex-cessively criminalized, leading to problems such as over-expanding punishment and harming the innocent and even the malaise that en-danger substantive justice such as the tarnishing of teachers’ disci-plinary right and the imbalance of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors. Such overcriminalization has its social causes and normative crux, which is the ambiguity of regulations of teachers’ disciplinary right in terms of the pre-existing law and the unclear positioning of the jus-tification of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors in terms of the criminal law. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a dual clarification of the chaotic parts of the two laws and determine the corresponding guiding principles, and test them one by one through the hierarchical theory of crime to make the path of exculpation clear. At the level of constituent elements, the exculpation is achieved through the normative judgment of the constituent elements;At the level of illegality, the exculpation is achieved by virtue of substantive considerations of reasons such as le-gal acts, legitimate defense, and victims’ commitments;At the level of accountability, the exculpation is achieved through the value screening of the culpability paradigm. We should reverse the trend of overcrim-inalization of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors by clearing the way of exculpation.展开更多
When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial p...When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial practice,some defensive behavior maintaining personal legal rights and interests,even some brave acts for a just cause,are deemed to be over defense or intentional crime.Looking at the actual situation of judicial practice in China,the number of cases identified as justifiable defense is even less.In the face of such judicial dilemma,scientific judicial concept shall be established in the judicial practice so as to accurately explain and apply to the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations related to justifiable defense.Through formation of authoritative cases,interpret the constitution conditions of justifiable defense,form binding judicial rules and strictly distinguish between justifiable defense,excessive defense and intentional crime so as to restrain subsequent similar cases.展开更多
China saw its third fuel price hike this year when the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s top price regulator, hiked gasoline and diesel retail prices up by 9 percent, effective on June 30. It is the...China saw its third fuel price hike this year when the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s top price regulator, hiked gasoline and diesel retail prices up by 9 percent, effective on June 30. It is the second rally in a month after the country initiated a new fuel pricing scheme in May.展开更多
Two years ago, Dongguan started to implement ma-chine account mechanism for processing trade as thecountry’s experimental municipality. The machine ac-count mechanism was overall carried out in the province onJuly 1,...Two years ago, Dongguan started to implement ma-chine account mechanism for processing trade as thecountry’s experimental municipality. The machine ac-count mechanism was overall carried out in the province onJuly 1, 1996. Has processing trade been influenced underthe new policy? What about the actual operation of machineaccount mechanism?According to statistics of each municipal foreign tradeand economy comission, from the end of November of 1995to the end of October of 1997, the provice approved a totalof 250,000 processing trade contracts worth $ 157.93 bil-lion. According to statistics of the provincial Bank of China,183,733 contracts and $ 115.6 billion were put on recordduring the period, with 96,174 contracts canceled after veri-展开更多
文摘In the plethora of conceptual and algorithmic developments supporting data analytics and system modeling,humancentric pursuits assume a particular position owing to ways they emphasize and realize interaction between users and the data.We advocate that the level of abstraction,which can be flexibly adjusted,is conveniently realized through Granular Computing.Granular Computing is concerned with the development and processing information granules–formal entities which facilitate a way of organizing knowledge about the available data and relationships existing there.This study identifies the principles of Granular Computing,shows how information granules are constructed and subsequently used in describing relationships present among the data.
基金the result of “Research on the Response and Development of Criminal Law Doctrine under the Impact of Legislation for Preventive Criminalization” (22AFX008)a key project of the National Social Science Foundation of China, and “Research on the Whole Life Cycle Criminal Law Protec-tion of Personal Information Rights and Interests in the Digital Age” (2023EFX010)a project under Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning for young researchers。
文摘The right to education is an important part of basic human rights. To transform from a designed vision to a reality in practice, teachers’ right to discipline, as a component of the right to education, needs tangible support from the criminal law. The criminal law cannot be absent from promoting the rule of law in education. However, in practice, teachers’ disciplinary behaviors are often ex-cessively criminalized, leading to problems such as over-expanding punishment and harming the innocent and even the malaise that en-danger substantive justice such as the tarnishing of teachers’ disci-plinary right and the imbalance of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors. Such overcriminalization has its social causes and normative crux, which is the ambiguity of regulations of teachers’ disciplinary right in terms of the pre-existing law and the unclear positioning of the jus-tification of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors in terms of the criminal law. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a dual clarification of the chaotic parts of the two laws and determine the corresponding guiding principles, and test them one by one through the hierarchical theory of crime to make the path of exculpation clear. At the level of constituent elements, the exculpation is achieved through the normative judgment of the constituent elements;At the level of illegality, the exculpation is achieved by virtue of substantive considerations of reasons such as le-gal acts, legitimate defense, and victims’ commitments;At the level of accountability, the exculpation is achieved through the value screening of the culpability paradigm. We should reverse the trend of overcrim-inalization of teachers’ disciplinary behaviors by clearing the way of exculpation.
文摘When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial practice,some defensive behavior maintaining personal legal rights and interests,even some brave acts for a just cause,are deemed to be over defense or intentional crime.Looking at the actual situation of judicial practice in China,the number of cases identified as justifiable defense is even less.In the face of such judicial dilemma,scientific judicial concept shall be established in the judicial practice so as to accurately explain and apply to the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations related to justifiable defense.Through formation of authoritative cases,interpret the constitution conditions of justifiable defense,form binding judicial rules and strictly distinguish between justifiable defense,excessive defense and intentional crime so as to restrain subsequent similar cases.
文摘China saw its third fuel price hike this year when the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s top price regulator, hiked gasoline and diesel retail prices up by 9 percent, effective on June 30. It is the second rally in a month after the country initiated a new fuel pricing scheme in May.
文摘Two years ago, Dongguan started to implement ma-chine account mechanism for processing trade as thecountry’s experimental municipality. The machine ac-count mechanism was overall carried out in the province onJuly 1, 1996. Has processing trade been influenced underthe new policy? What about the actual operation of machineaccount mechanism?According to statistics of each municipal foreign tradeand economy comission, from the end of November of 1995to the end of October of 1997, the provice approved a totalof 250,000 processing trade contracts worth $ 157.93 bil-lion. According to statistics of the provincial Bank of China,183,733 contracts and $ 115.6 billion were put on recordduring the period, with 96,174 contracts canceled after veri-
