在英语世界中,对jus gentium的翻译最初以保留其拉丁语形态为主。经过三次语义转移,罗马法对jus gentium赋予了更多的自然理性色彩,jus naturale也成了jus gentium的同义词之一。阿奎那的“ius inter gentes”(民族间法)和“ius inter o...在英语世界中,对jus gentium的翻译最初以保留其拉丁语形态为主。经过三次语义转移,罗马法对jus gentium赋予了更多的自然理性色彩,jus naturale也成了jus gentium的同义词之一。阿奎那的“ius inter gentes”(民族间法)和“ius inter omnes gentes”(全民族间法)推动“jus gentium”现代国际法内涵逐渐饱满,后来格劳秀斯将其基本确定为现代的“国际法”。边沁创制的“international law”一词至今仍存在争议,与“law of nations”并行使用的同时,“universal public law”(公法)、“transnational law”(跨国法)、“universal law”(普遍法)等术语均未能弱化“international law”的稳固地位。在中国,“international law”通过晚清政府的“各国律例”被降格为国内法,但也在一定程度上承认了各国的主体地位。日本未经转译等复杂的中间环节,将国际法支点术语“international law”创译为更贴近原作的“国际法”,精准地表现出了“国家之间的法”(interstate law)的内涵。展开更多
It is a common principle in all countries that juristic acts that violate jus cogens are invalid. This may be termed ＂norms of legality＂ in relation to the effect of juristic acts （Rechtsgeschaft）. This refers onl...It is a common principle in all countries that juristic acts that violate jus cogens are invalid. This may be termed ＂norms of legality＂ in relation to the effect of juristic acts （Rechtsgeschaft）. This refers only to jus cogens in public law, since jus cogens in private law is self-governing or autonomous in nature and its violation results at worst in ineffectiveness rather than invalidity. In determining whether legal acts that contravene public law are valid, the objectives of the related public laws must be examined and the principle of proportionality applied to limit the interpretation of the objectives of the public law in question, in order to further distinguish obligations in public law from those in private law. Local laws and administrative rules cannot be excluded completely in the application of civil law. Violation of the law and violation of public order and good custom have totally different effects and cannot be treated as the same thing.展开更多
文摘在英语世界中,对jus gentium的翻译最初以保留其拉丁语形态为主。经过三次语义转移,罗马法对jus gentium赋予了更多的自然理性色彩,jus naturale也成了jus gentium的同义词之一。阿奎那的“ius inter gentes”(民族间法)和“ius inter omnes gentes”(全民族间法)推动“jus gentium”现代国际法内涵逐渐饱满,后来格劳秀斯将其基本确定为现代的“国际法”。边沁创制的“international law”一词至今仍存在争议,与“law of nations”并行使用的同时,“universal public law”(公法)、“transnational law”(跨国法)、“universal law”(普遍法)等术语均未能弱化“international law”的稳固地位。在中国,“international law”通过晚清政府的“各国律例”被降格为国内法,但也在一定程度上承认了各国的主体地位。日本未经转译等复杂的中间环节,将国际法支点术语“international law”创译为更贴近原作的“国际法”,精准地表现出了“国家之间的法”(interstate law)的内涵。
文摘It is a common principle in all countries that juristic acts that violate jus cogens are invalid. This may be termed ＂norms of legality＂ in relation to the effect of juristic acts （Rechtsgeschaft）. This refers only to jus cogens in public law, since jus cogens in private law is self-governing or autonomous in nature and its violation results at worst in ineffectiveness rather than invalidity. In determining whether legal acts that contravene public law are valid, the objectives of the related public laws must be examined and the principle of proportionality applied to limit the interpretation of the objectives of the public law in question, in order to further distinguish obligations in public law from those in private law. Local laws and administrative rules cannot be excluded completely in the application of civil law. Violation of the law and violation of public order and good custom have totally different effects and cannot be treated as the same thing.
