东北地区是全球气候变暖趋势最为显著的地区之一,研究预期增温对东北水稻氮素吸收利用的影响,可为区域水稻可持续生产与氮肥优化管理提供借鉴。本研究于2019—2020年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市设置田间开放式增温(free air temperature increas...东北地区是全球气候变暖趋势最为显著的地区之一,研究预期增温对东北水稻氮素吸收利用的影响,可为区域水稻可持续生产与氮肥优化管理提供借鉴。本研究于2019—2020年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市设置田间开放式增温(free air temperature increase,FATI)系统,大田与盆栽试验相结合,采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,模拟预期增温(+1.5℃)对水稻产量、氮素利用以及氮肥去向的影响。结果表明,增温促进了水稻地上部干物质积累,与对照相比,大田与盆栽的水稻产量2年平均分别提高10.4%和10.8%;增温显著提高了水稻氮素吸收总量,与对照相比,2年平均增幅达21.3%,但增温处理的氮素籽粒利用效率呈降低趋势;增温处理下水稻从肥料中吸收的氮素显著下降,但从土壤中吸收的氮素显著增加31.1%,导致氮肥回收率降低12.5%,而氮肥损失率增加14.2%。总体来看,增温有增加水稻籽粒产量的趋势,但降低了水稻对肥料氮的吸收比例,导致氮素利用效率降低,氮肥损失率显著增加。在气候变暖背景下,建议合理增加水稻移栽密度,以充分利用温度升高对水稻产量的正向效应,适当减少氮肥施用量、优化氮肥运筹管理,提高水稻氮素利用效率。展开更多
The radioactive isotope tracer and ion exchange balanced method was used to study the stability of 109Cd, 65 Zn complexes with humus acids. In the 109Cd and 65 Zn single existing system with humic acids, the stability...The radioactive isotope tracer and ion exchange balanced method was used to study the stability of 109Cd, 65 Zn complexes with humus acids. In the 109Cd and 65 Zn single existing system with humic acids, the stability constants of the humic-109Cd(65Zn) complex compound was higher than the fulvic-109 Cd(65Zn) complex compound. The stability constant of the humic (fulvic) -65Zn was higher than that of the humic (ful-vic)-109Cd. In the 109Cd and 65 Zn coexisting system, the stability constant and the co-ordination number of the humic (fulvic)-65Zn complex obviously increased, but the stability constant and the co-ordination number of the humic (fulvic)-109Cd complex obviously decreased as compared with its respectively single existing system . The result showed that the humus matter with higher molecular weight could more effectively reduce plant availability of heavy metals than that with lower molecular weight in polluted soil by heavy metals. The humus matter could more effectively reduce plant availability of Zn than that of Cd. Application of humus-acid increased the harm of Cd and decreased the harm of Zn to plants in Cd-Zn coexisting system.展开更多
文摘东北地区是全球气候变暖趋势最为显著的地区之一,研究预期增温对东北水稻氮素吸收利用的影响,可为区域水稻可持续生产与氮肥优化管理提供借鉴。本研究于2019—2020年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市设置田间开放式增温(free air temperature increase,FATI)系统,大田与盆栽试验相结合,采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,模拟预期增温(+1.5℃)对水稻产量、氮素利用以及氮肥去向的影响。结果表明,增温促进了水稻地上部干物质积累,与对照相比,大田与盆栽的水稻产量2年平均分别提高10.4%和10.8%;增温显著提高了水稻氮素吸收总量,与对照相比,2年平均增幅达21.3%,但增温处理的氮素籽粒利用效率呈降低趋势;增温处理下水稻从肥料中吸收的氮素显著下降,但从土壤中吸收的氮素显著增加31.1%,导致氮肥回收率降低12.5%,而氮肥损失率增加14.2%。总体来看,增温有增加水稻籽粒产量的趋势,但降低了水稻对肥料氮的吸收比例,导致氮素利用效率降低,氮肥损失率显著增加。在气候变暖背景下,建议合理增加水稻移栽密度,以充分利用温度升高对水稻产量的正向效应,适当减少氮肥施用量、优化氮肥运筹管理,提高水稻氮素利用效率。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49971049).
文摘The radioactive isotope tracer and ion exchange balanced method was used to study the stability of 109Cd, 65 Zn complexes with humus acids. In the 109Cd and 65 Zn single existing system with humic acids, the stability constants of the humic-109Cd(65Zn) complex compound was higher than the fulvic-109 Cd(65Zn) complex compound. The stability constant of the humic (fulvic) -65Zn was higher than that of the humic (ful-vic)-109Cd. In the 109Cd and 65 Zn coexisting system, the stability constant and the co-ordination number of the humic (fulvic)-65Zn complex obviously increased, but the stability constant and the co-ordination number of the humic (fulvic)-109Cd complex obviously decreased as compared with its respectively single existing system . The result showed that the humus matter with higher molecular weight could more effectively reduce plant availability of heavy metals than that with lower molecular weight in polluted soil by heavy metals. The humus matter could more effectively reduce plant availability of Zn than that of Cd. Application of humus-acid increased the harm of Cd and decreased the harm of Zn to plants in Cd-Zn coexisting system.
