The fourth axiom in the definition of real random normed module is superfluous. A necessary and sufficient condition is given that continuous random linear functionals over complex random normed spaces are a.s. bounde...The fourth axiom in the definition of real random normed module is superfluous. A necessary and sufficient condition is given that continuous random linear functionals over complex random normed spaces are a.s. bounded, and furthermore, in the sense of isometrical isomorphism it is proved the fourth axiom in the complex random normed module is superfluous.展开更多
In this paper, minimal submanifolds in Finsler spaces with (α, β)-metrics are studied. Especially, helicoids are also minimal in (α, β)-Minkowski spaces. Then the minimal surfaces of conoid in Finsler spaces with ...In this paper, minimal submanifolds in Finsler spaces with (α, β)-metrics are studied. Especially, helicoids are also minimal in (α, β)-Minkowski spaces. Then the minimal surfaces of conoid in Finsler spaces with (α, β)-metrics are given. Last, the Gauss curvature of the conoid in the 3-dimension Randers-Minkowski space is studied.展开更多
Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defin...Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.展开更多
Above-and belowground biomass allocation not only influences growth of individual plants,but also influences vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon input as well as terrestrial ecosys...Above-and belowground biomass allocation not only influences growth of individual plants,but also influences vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon input as well as terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.However,due to sampling difficulties,a considerable amount of uncertainty remains about the root:shoot ratio(R/S),a key parameter for models of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.We investigated biomass allocation patterns across a broad spatial scale.We collected data on individual plant biomass and systematically sampled along a transect across the temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia as well as in the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.Our results indicated that the median of R/S for herbaceous species was 0.78 in China's grasslands as a whole.R/S was significantly higher in temperate grasslands than in alpine grasslands(0.84 vs.0.65).The slope of the allometric relationship between above-and belowground biomass was steeper for temperate grasslands than for alpine.Our results did not support the hypothesis that aboveground biomass scales isometrically with belowground biomass.The R/S in China's grasslands was not significantly correlated with mean annual temperature(MAT) or mean annual precipitation(MAP).Moreover,comparisons of our results with previous findings indicated a large difference between R/S data from individual plants and communities.This might be mainly caused by the underestimation of R/S at the individual level as a result of an inevitable loss of fine roots and the overestimation of R/S in community-level surveys due to grazing and difficulties in identifying dead roots.Our findings suggest that root biomass in grasslands tended to have been overestimated in previous reports of R/S.展开更多
Let E and F be Hilbert spaces with unit spheres S1(E) and S1(F). Suppose that V0 S1(E)→S1(F) is a Lipschitz mapping with Lipschitz constant k=1 such that -V0[S1(E)] V0[S1(E)]. Then V0 can be extended to a real linear...Let E and F be Hilbert spaces with unit spheres S1(E) and S1(F). Suppose that V0 S1(E)→S1(F) is a Lipschitz mapping with Lipschitz constant k=1 such that -V0[S1(E)] V0[S1(E)]. Then V0 can be extended to a real linear isometric mapping V from E into F. In particular, every isometric mapping from S1(E) onto S1(F) can be extended to a real linear isometric mapping from E onto F.展开更多
In this paper,we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in theunit spheres of l~1(F) type spaces,and then conclude that such mappings can be extended to the wholespace as real linear isomet...In this paper,we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in theunit spheres of l~1(F) type spaces,and then conclude that such mappings can be extended to the wholespace as real linear isometrics by using a previous result of the author.展开更多
In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of real l∞-type spaces, then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the whole space as (real) linear...In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of real l∞-type spaces, then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the whole space as (real) linear isometries.展开更多
In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of l p (Г) (@#@(p >) 1,p ≠ 2 type spaces, and then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the wh...In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of l p (Г) (@#@(p >) 1,p ≠ 2 type spaces, and then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the whole space as real linear isometries by using the previous result of the author.展开更多
In this paper, we study the extension of isometries between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω）. We obtain that any surjective isometry between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω） can be extended...In this paper, we study the extension of isometries between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω）. We obtain that any surjective isometry between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω） can be extended to be a linear isometry on the whole space E and give an affirmative answer to the corresponding Tingley＇s problem （where Ω be a compact metric space）.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of opioid p-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation （OIC）.METHODS： The effect of Ioperamide on intestinal transit was investigated in mice. Ileum strips were isolated from 12-w...AIM： To investigate the role of opioid p-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation （OIC）.METHODS： The effect of Ioperamide on intestinal transit was investigated in mice. Ileum strips were isolated from 12-wk-old male BALB/c mice for identification of isometric tension. The ileum strips were precontracted with 1 μmol/L acetylcholine （ACh）. Then, decrease in muscle tone （relaxation） was characterized after cumu- lative administration of 0.1-10μ~mol/L Ioperamide into the organ bath, for a concentration-dependent study. Specific blockers or antagonists were used for pretreat- ment to compare the changes in Ioperamide-induced relaxation.RESULTS： In addition to the delay in intestinal transit, Ioperamide produced a marked relaxation in isolated ileum precontracted with ACh, in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxation was abolished by cyprodime,a selective opioid p-receptor antagonist, but not modified by naloxonazine at a dose sufficient to block opioid μ-1 receptors. Also, treatment with opioid μ-1 receptor agonist failed to modify the muscle tone. Moreover, the relaxation by Ioperamide was attenuated by glibenclamide at a dose sufficient to block ATP-sensitive K^＋ （KATP） channels, and by protein kinase A （PKA） inhibitor, but was enhanced by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase for cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）.CONCLUSION： Loperamide induces intestinal relaxa- tion by activation of opioid μ-2 receptors via the cAMP- PKA pathway to open KATp channels, relates to OIC.展开更多
文摘The fourth axiom in the definition of real random normed module is superfluous. A necessary and sufficient condition is given that continuous random linear functionals over complex random normed spaces are a.s. bounded, and furthermore, in the sense of isometrical isomorphism it is proved the fourth axiom in the complex random normed module is superfluous.
文摘In this paper, minimal submanifolds in Finsler spaces with (α, β)-metrics are studied. Especially, helicoids are also minimal in (α, β)-Minkowski spaces. Then the minimal surfaces of conoid in Finsler spaces with (α, β)-metrics are given. Last, the Gauss curvature of the conoid in the 3-dimension Randers-Minkowski space is studied.
文摘Based on the isomorphism between the space of star-shaped sets and the space of continuous positively homogeneous real-valued functions, the star-shaped differential of a directionally differentiable function is defined. Formulas for star-shaped differential of a pointwise maximum and a pointwise minimum of a finite number of directionally differentiable functions, and a composite of two directionaUy differentiable functions are derived. Furthermore, the mean-value theorem for a directionaUy differentiable function is demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30870381)the Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No. 2007BAC06B01)
文摘Above-and belowground biomass allocation not only influences growth of individual plants,but also influences vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon input as well as terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.However,due to sampling difficulties,a considerable amount of uncertainty remains about the root:shoot ratio(R/S),a key parameter for models of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.We investigated biomass allocation patterns across a broad spatial scale.We collected data on individual plant biomass and systematically sampled along a transect across the temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia as well as in the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.Our results indicated that the median of R/S for herbaceous species was 0.78 in China's grasslands as a whole.R/S was significantly higher in temperate grasslands than in alpine grasslands(0.84 vs.0.65).The slope of the allometric relationship between above-and belowground biomass was steeper for temperate grasslands than for alpine.Our results did not support the hypothesis that aboveground biomass scales isometrically with belowground biomass.The R/S in China's grasslands was not significantly correlated with mean annual temperature(MAT) or mean annual precipitation(MAP).Moreover,comparisons of our results with previous findings indicated a large difference between R/S data from individual plants and communities.This might be mainly caused by the underestimation of R/S at the individual level as a result of an inevitable loss of fine roots and the overestimation of R/S in community-level surveys due to grazing and difficulties in identifying dead roots.Our findings suggest that root biomass in grasslands tended to have been overestimated in previous reports of R/S.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19971046).
文摘Let E and F be Hilbert spaces with unit spheres S1(E) and S1(F). Suppose that V0 S1(E)→S1(F) is a Lipschitz mapping with Lipschitz constant k=1 such that -V0[S1(E)] V0[S1(E)]. Then V0 can be extended to a real linear isometric mapping V from E into F. In particular, every isometric mapping from S1(E) onto S1(F) can be extended to a real linear isometric mapping from E onto F.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(19971046)the Doctoral Programme Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘In this paper,we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in theunit spheres of l~1(F) type spaces,and then conclude that such mappings can be extended to the wholespace as real linear isometrics by using a previous result of the author.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10271060)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20010055013).
文摘In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of real l∞-type spaces, then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the whole space as (real) linear isometries.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10271060) the Doctoral Programme Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.2001005513).
文摘In this paper, we first derive the representation theorem of onto isometric mappings in the unit spheres of l p (Г) (@#@(p >) 1,p ≠ 2 type spaces, and then we conclude that such mappings can be extended to the whole space as real linear isometries by using the previous result of the author.
文摘In this paper, we study the extension of isometries between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω）. We obtain that any surjective isometry between the unit spheres of normed space E and C（Ω） can be extended to be a linear isometry on the whole space E and give an affirmative answer to the corresponding Tingley＇s problem （where Ω be a compact metric space）.
基金Supported by A grant from E-Da Hospital (in part)
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of opioid p-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation （OIC）.METHODS： The effect of Ioperamide on intestinal transit was investigated in mice. Ileum strips were isolated from 12-wk-old male BALB/c mice for identification of isometric tension. The ileum strips were precontracted with 1 μmol/L acetylcholine （ACh）. Then, decrease in muscle tone （relaxation） was characterized after cumu- lative administration of 0.1-10μ~mol/L Ioperamide into the organ bath, for a concentration-dependent study. Specific blockers or antagonists were used for pretreat- ment to compare the changes in Ioperamide-induced relaxation.RESULTS： In addition to the delay in intestinal transit, Ioperamide produced a marked relaxation in isolated ileum precontracted with ACh, in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxation was abolished by cyprodime,a selective opioid p-receptor antagonist, but not modified by naloxonazine at a dose sufficient to block opioid μ-1 receptors. Also, treatment with opioid μ-1 receptor agonist failed to modify the muscle tone. Moreover, the relaxation by Ioperamide was attenuated by glibenclamide at a dose sufficient to block ATP-sensitive K^＋ （KATP） channels, and by protein kinase A （PKA） inhibitor, but was enhanced by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase for cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）.CONCLUSION： Loperamide induces intestinal relaxa- tion by activation of opioid μ-2 receptors via the cAMP- PKA pathway to open KATp channels, relates to OIC.
