采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位...采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)最大值分别为97.8、281.8g/(人·钩·h),采用定置网法捕获两种鱼的CPUE最大值分别为2039.2、163.4 g/(笼·h)。对调查获得的鱼类进行分析,结果表明:2012年春季主要岩礁型鱼类尾均体质量与2011年相比,大泷六线鱼增长0.12倍,许氏平鮋增长0.23倍,资源量增加显著;手线钓渔获的尾均体长、体质量高于定置网,在鱼礁区手线钓作业的适宜季节为春季;鱼礁区主要鱼类为等速生长,许氏平鮋、大泷六线鱼、方氏云鳚Enedrias fangi Wang et Wang等种间丰满度有明显差异;2013年采用定置网捕获鱼礁区大泷六线鱼的尾均体质量为非鱼礁区的9.36倍,鱼类资源养护效果显著。调查结果显示,人工鱼礁区鱼类资源已得到有效养护,与投礁前相比增殖效果明显。展开更多
Based on comprehensive survey of 6 transects on Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya City of Hainan Island, China, some features of its biogeomorphologic processes were found, including ( i ) three basic biogeomorphologic ...Based on comprehensive survey of 6 transects on Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya City of Hainan Island, China, some features of its biogeomorphologic processes were found, including ( i ) three basic biogeomorphologic units: inner reef flat, outer reef flat and reef slope; (ii) two important biogeomorphologic boundary lines: up limit for live flat coral growing between inner and outer reef flats is Mean Lower Low Water of tropic tide±15 cm; the break in slope between reef flat and reef slope is Theoretical Lowest Tide ±15 cm; (iii) three types of reef flat profiles in response to distinctive Holocene sea level changes and dynamic condition: Luhuitou type responds to falling sea level and low wave energy; Xiaodonghai type to falling sea sevel and high wave energy; type for atolls of Nansha Islands to stable sea level and low wave energy; (iv) hermatypic coral community is the most essential member in coral reef ecosystem and plays the most important role in biogeomorphologic process. Over the past 30展开更多
为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源...为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源声学调查,并利用回波积分法分析人工鱼礁区内外的渔业资源空间分布和资源量。结果表明:生物采样共采集鱼类36种,其中虾蟹类、头足类共11种;鱼礁区内捕获鱼类29种,其中虾蟹类、头足类11种,鱼礁区外捕获鱼类24种,其中虾蟹类、头足类9种;鱼礁区内生物资源量平均密度为0.046 ind./m^2,而鱼礁区外生物资源量平均密度为0.033 ind./m^2;鱼礁区内单体目标强度为-65～-53 d B的目标物主要分布于20 m以浅水层,单体目标强度为-47～-29 d B的目标物主要分布于30 m以深的底层;鱼礁区外单体目标强度为-65～-57 d B的目标物分布于各水层,目标强度为-55～-25 d B的目标物主要分布于23～30 m水层,底层个体较少。研究表明,人工鱼礁区内水域平均生物资源量密度比鱼礁区外水域高39.4%,人工鱼礁区内生物种类比鱼礁区外水域高20.8%,人工鱼礁对渔业资源的养护效果较好。展开更多
Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world,the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important.Unfortunately,they may easily be...Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world,the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important.Unfortunately,they may easily become the attacking target of missiles in the war time.Therefore,aiming at the damage quantification of the targets in the island/reef under the missile attacking,a macroscopic damage assessment model for the target area is proposed in this paper.The model focuses on the construction of the assessment model framework.Firstly,the analytic hierarchy process and the grey relational analysis are applied to measure the importance of each target in the region through four indicators of the target hazard,striking urgency,damage advantage and mission relevance,respectively.Secondly,based on the damage mechanism of shock wave and fragments to target,the corresponding damage model is established,and the damage grade of each target in the evaluated area is obtained according to the damage criteria and grading standard.Finally,the model obtains the overall damage grade of the target area by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,with synthesizing the importance and the damage grade of each target.Through the verification of an example,it demonstrates the certain feasibility of the model and provides a certain basis and reference for the subsequent research.展开更多
Meiji (Mischief) coral atoll, in Nansha (Spratly) Islands, South China Sea, consists of an annular reef rim surrounding a central lagoon. On the atoll rim there are either protuberant 'motu' (small coral patch...Meiji (Mischief) coral atoll, in Nansha (Spratly) Islands, South China Sea, consists of an annular reef rim surrounding a central lagoon. On the atoll rim there are either protuberant 'motu' (small coral patch reefs on the rim of atoll) islets or lower sandy cays that contain modern microbialite deposits on the corals in pinnacles and surrounding bottoms of the atoll. Microbialites, including villiform, hairy, and thin spine growth forms, as well as gelatinous masses, mats and encrustation, developed on coral colonies and atoll rim sediments between 0 and 15 m deep-water settings. The microbialites were produced by natural populations of filamentous cyanobacteria and grew on (1) bulbous corals together with Acropora sp., (2) on massive colonies of Galaxea fascicularis, (3) on dead Montipora digitata, and (4) on dead Acropora teres, some hairy microbialite growing around broken coral branches. This study demonstrates that microbial carbonates are developed in coral reefs of South China Sea and indicates that microbial processes may be important in the construction of modern reef systems. The results have significance in the determination of nature and composition in microorganisms implied in the formation ancient microbialites, and permit evaluation of the importance of microbial deposits in mo-dern coral reefs and of 'microbialites' in biogeochemical cycles of modern coral reef systems. The re-sults also provide evidence of modern analogues for ancient microbialites in shallow-water settings, and combine with sedimentological studies of ancient microbialites to understand their controls.展开更多
文摘采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)最大值分别为97.8、281.8g/(人·钩·h),采用定置网法捕获两种鱼的CPUE最大值分别为2039.2、163.4 g/(笼·h)。对调查获得的鱼类进行分析,结果表明:2012年春季主要岩礁型鱼类尾均体质量与2011年相比,大泷六线鱼增长0.12倍,许氏平鮋增长0.23倍,资源量增加显著;手线钓渔获的尾均体长、体质量高于定置网,在鱼礁区手线钓作业的适宜季节为春季;鱼礁区主要鱼类为等速生长,许氏平鮋、大泷六线鱼、方氏云鳚Enedrias fangi Wang et Wang等种间丰满度有明显差异;2013年采用定置网捕获鱼礁区大泷六线鱼的尾均体质量为非鱼礁区的9.36倍,鱼类资源养护效果显著。调查结果显示,人工鱼礁区鱼类资源已得到有效养护,与投礁前相比增殖效果明显。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.49776303) the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Based on comprehensive survey of 6 transects on Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya City of Hainan Island, China, some features of its biogeomorphologic processes were found, including ( i ) three basic biogeomorphologic units: inner reef flat, outer reef flat and reef slope; (ii) two important biogeomorphologic boundary lines: up limit for live flat coral growing between inner and outer reef flats is Mean Lower Low Water of tropic tide±15 cm; the break in slope between reef flat and reef slope is Theoretical Lowest Tide ±15 cm; (iii) three types of reef flat profiles in response to distinctive Holocene sea level changes and dynamic condition: Luhuitou type responds to falling sea level and low wave energy; Xiaodonghai type to falling sea sevel and high wave energy; type for atolls of Nansha Islands to stable sea level and low wave energy; (iv) hermatypic coral community is the most essential member in coral reef ecosystem and plays the most important role in biogeomorphologic process. Over the past 30
文摘为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源声学调查,并利用回波积分法分析人工鱼礁区内外的渔业资源空间分布和资源量。结果表明:生物采样共采集鱼类36种,其中虾蟹类、头足类共11种;鱼礁区内捕获鱼类29种,其中虾蟹类、头足类11种,鱼礁区外捕获鱼类24种,其中虾蟹类、头足类9种;鱼礁区内生物资源量平均密度为0.046 ind./m^2,而鱼礁区外生物资源量平均密度为0.033 ind./m^2;鱼礁区内单体目标强度为-65～-53 d B的目标物主要分布于20 m以浅水层,单体目标强度为-47～-29 d B的目标物主要分布于30 m以深的底层;鱼礁区外单体目标强度为-65～-57 d B的目标物分布于各水层,目标强度为-55～-25 d B的目标物主要分布于23～30 m水层,底层个体较少。研究表明,人工鱼礁区内水域平均生物资源量密度比鱼礁区外水域高39.4%,人工鱼礁区内生物种类比鱼礁区外水域高20.8%,人工鱼礁对渔业资源的养护效果较好。
文摘Under the background of vigorously developing facilities of island/reef in the world,the economic value and strategic significance of the island/reef have become increasingly important.Unfortunately,they may easily become the attacking target of missiles in the war time.Therefore,aiming at the damage quantification of the targets in the island/reef under the missile attacking,a macroscopic damage assessment model for the target area is proposed in this paper.The model focuses on the construction of the assessment model framework.Firstly,the analytic hierarchy process and the grey relational analysis are applied to measure the importance of each target in the region through four indicators of the target hazard,striking urgency,damage advantage and mission relevance,respectively.Secondly,based on the damage mechanism of shock wave and fragments to target,the corresponding damage model is established,and the damage grade of each target in the evaluated area is obtained according to the damage criteria and grading standard.Finally,the model obtains the overall damage grade of the target area by employing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,with synthesizing the importance and the damage grade of each target.Through the verification of an example,it demonstrates the certain feasibility of the model and provides a certain basis and reference for the subsequent research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40472067 and 40572072)Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Important Direction Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234)
文摘Meiji (Mischief) coral atoll, in Nansha (Spratly) Islands, South China Sea, consists of an annular reef rim surrounding a central lagoon. On the atoll rim there are either protuberant 'motu' (small coral patch reefs on the rim of atoll) islets or lower sandy cays that contain modern microbialite deposits on the corals in pinnacles and surrounding bottoms of the atoll. Microbialites, including villiform, hairy, and thin spine growth forms, as well as gelatinous masses, mats and encrustation, developed on coral colonies and atoll rim sediments between 0 and 15 m deep-water settings. The microbialites were produced by natural populations of filamentous cyanobacteria and grew on (1) bulbous corals together with Acropora sp., (2) on massive colonies of Galaxea fascicularis, (3) on dead Montipora digitata, and (4) on dead Acropora teres, some hairy microbialite growing around broken coral branches. This study demonstrates that microbial carbonates are developed in coral reefs of South China Sea and indicates that microbial processes may be important in the construction of modern reef systems. The results have significance in the determination of nature and composition in microorganisms implied in the formation ancient microbialites, and permit evaluation of the importance of microbial deposits in mo-dern coral reefs and of 'microbialites' in biogeochemical cycles of modern coral reef systems. The re-sults also provide evidence of modern analogues for ancient microbialites in shallow-water settings, and combine with sedimentological studies of ancient microbialites to understand their controls.
