This work considers the problem of decentralized control of inverter-based ac micro-grid in different operation modes.The main objectives are to(i)design decentralized frequency and voltage controllers,to gather with ...This work considers the problem of decentralized control of inverter-based ac micro-grid in different operation modes.The main objectives are to(i)design decentralized frequency and voltage controllers,to gather with power sharing,without information exchange between microsources(ii)design passive dynamic controllers which ensure stability of the entire microgrid system(iii)capture nonlinear,interconnected and large-scale dynamic of the micro-grid system with meshed topology as a port-Hamiltonian formulation(iv)expand the property of shifted-energy function in the context of decentralized control of ac micro-grid(v)analysis of system stability in large signal point of view.More precisely,to deal with nonlinear,interconnected and large-scale structure of micro-grid systems,the port-Hamiltonian formulation is used to capture the dynamic of micro-grid components including microsource,distribution line and load dynamics as well as interconnection controllers.Furthermore,to deal with large signal stability problem of the microgrid system in the grid-connected and islanded conditions,the shifted-Hamiltonian energy function is served as a storage function to ensure incremental passivity and stability of the microgrid system.Moreover,it is shown that the aggregating of the microgrid dynamic and the decentralized controller dynamics satisfies the incremental passivity.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is evaluated through simulation studies.The different scenarios including grid-connected and islanded modes as well as transition between both modes are simulated.The simulation conforms that the decentralized control dynamics are suited to achieve the desired objective of frequency synchronization,voltage control and power sharing in the grid-connected and islanded modes.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.展开更多
The increasing penetration of inverter-based distributed generations(DGs)significantly affects the fault characteristics of distribution networks.Fault analysis is a keystone for suitable protection scheme design.This...The increasing penetration of inverter-based distributed generations(DGs)significantly affects the fault characteristics of distribution networks.Fault analysis is a keystone for suitable protection scheme design.This paper presents the modelling methodology for distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and performs fault simulation based on the model.Firstly,a single inverter-based DG model based on the cascaded control structure is developed.Secondly,a simulation model of distribution network with two inverter-based DGs is established.Then,different fault simulations are performed based on the Real Time Digital Simulator(RTDS).Theoretical analyses are conducted to justify the simulation results,including the equivalent circuit of distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and the solution method for loop currents.展开更多
High penetration of renewable energy sources(RES)leads to new challenges for protection devices.Protection schemes are typically designed according to the dynamic behavior of rotating machines as generation sources,wh...High penetration of renewable energy sources(RES)leads to new challenges for protection devices.Protection schemes are typically designed according to the dynamic behavior of rotating machines as generation sources,while the RES dynamic response,mainly governed by inverters,is not considered.Consequently,some relevant algorithms of transmission line protection are experiencing challenges because of the fact that magnitude and phase angle com-parison,amount of negative-sequence,and short-circuit current level are affected by the RES.Therefore,an in-depth study of this issue is necessary,one which considers the main causes and new methodological criteria solutions.This work presents an extensive literature review of the evaluation of electrical protection performance and the effects of RES connected to a power grid through inverters.Bibliographic data on many representative publications related to this topic are obtained to show the current research lines and their proposed solutions.In addition,this work identi-fies the main protection functions affected and describes the new protection schemes that consider RES.Finally,an analysis and discussion of the selected bibliography are presented.展开更多
This paper presents an ultra-low power incremental ADC for biosensor interface circuits. The ADC consists of a resettable second-order delta-sigma （△ ∑） modulator core and a resettable decimation filter. Several t...This paper presents an ultra-low power incremental ADC for biosensor interface circuits. The ADC consists of a resettable second-order delta-sigma （△ ∑） modulator core and a resettable decimation filter. Several techniques are adopted to minimize its power consumption. A feedforward path is introduced to the modulator core to relax the signal swing and linearity requirement of the integrators. A correlated-double-sampling （CDS） technique is applied to reject the offset and 1/f noise, thereby removing the integrator leakage and relaxing the gain requirement of the OTA. A simple double-tailed inverter-based fully differential OTA using a thick-oxide CMOS is proposed to operate in the subthreshold region to fulfill both an ultra-low power and a large output swing at 1.2 V supply. The signal addition before the comparator in the feedforward architecture is performed in the current domain instead of the voltage domain to minimize the capacitive load to the integrators. The capacitors used in this design are of customized metal-oxide metal （MOM） type to reach the minimum capacitance set by the k T~ C noise limit. Fabricated with a 1P6M 0.18/zm CMOS technology, the presented incremental ADC consumes 600 nW at 2 kS/s from a 1.2 V supply, and achieves 68.3 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR） at the Nyquist frequency and an FOM of 0.14 pJ/conversion step. The core area is 100 × 120 μm^2.展开更多
Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)need to comply with grid code and fault ride through(FRT)requirements during disturbances whether they are in charging or discharging mode.Previous literature has shown that consta...Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)need to comply with grid code and fault ride through(FRT)requirements during disturbances whether they are in charging or discharging mode.Previous literature has shown that constant charging current control of BESSs in charging mode can prevent BESSs from complying with emerging grid codes such as the German grid code under stringent unbalanced fault conditions.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a new FRTactivated dual control strategy that consists of switching from constant battery current control to constant DC-link voltage control through a positive droop structure.The results show that the strategy ensures proper DC-link voltage and current management as well as adequate control of the positive-and negative-sequence active and reactive currents according to the grid code priority.It is also shown that the proposed FRT control strategy is tolerant to initial operating conditions of BESS plant,grid code requirements,and fault severity.展开更多
当逆变型分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)以T接的方式接入高压配电网时,仅依靠提高电流纵联差动保护的整定值可能导致保护拒动。首先分析了逆变型DG的接入对电流纵联差动保护带来的影响。然后,利用线路母线电压互感器的信息,提...当逆变型分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)以T接的方式接入高压配电网时,仅依靠提高电流纵联差动保护的整定值可能导致保护拒动。首先分析了逆变型DG的接入对电流纵联差动保护带来的影响。然后,利用线路母线电压互感器的信息,提出了以线路两端正序补偿电压的差值作为辅助判据的解决方案,并利用正序补偿电压和正序差动电流的相位关系消除动作死区。该方案简单易行,能够实现全线速动,并且不受DG容量、过渡电阻及两侧系统电势相角差等因素的影响。最后,基于PSCAD仿真平台搭建了含逆变型DG的110 k V高压配电网模型,对传统的电流纵差保护及改进的纵差保护进行了对比,验证了改进后保护方案的可靠性和有效性。展开更多
绿色低碳转型的新型电力系统中,风光电源等变流器接口资源(inverter based resources,IBRs)高比例并网,其模拟惯量与传统的旋转惯量共同构成了广义惯量,显著改变了系统的有功动态特性。掌握广义惯量特性、实现惯量优化调控是未来系统安...绿色低碳转型的新型电力系统中,风光电源等变流器接口资源(inverter based resources,IBRs)高比例并网,其模拟惯量与传统的旋转惯量共同构成了广义惯量,显著改变了系统的有功动态特性。掌握广义惯量特性、实现惯量优化调控是未来系统安全稳定的重要保障。围绕新型电力系统广义惯量,基于一般惯量概念给出了新型电力系统广义惯量的定义和数学描述,分析了广义惯量资源体系,并针对异质资源惯量聚合表征、广义惯量评估、考虑惯量充裕的优化运行3类关键问题分别梳理了研究现状,分析了关键难题与挑战,并提出了相应的解决思路。展开更多
文摘This work considers the problem of decentralized control of inverter-based ac micro-grid in different operation modes.The main objectives are to(i)design decentralized frequency and voltage controllers,to gather with power sharing,without information exchange between microsources(ii)design passive dynamic controllers which ensure stability of the entire microgrid system(iii)capture nonlinear,interconnected and large-scale dynamic of the micro-grid system with meshed topology as a port-Hamiltonian formulation(iv)expand the property of shifted-energy function in the context of decentralized control of ac micro-grid(v)analysis of system stability in large signal point of view.More precisely,to deal with nonlinear,interconnected and large-scale structure of micro-grid systems,the port-Hamiltonian formulation is used to capture the dynamic of micro-grid components including microsource,distribution line and load dynamics as well as interconnection controllers.Furthermore,to deal with large signal stability problem of the microgrid system in the grid-connected and islanded conditions,the shifted-Hamiltonian energy function is served as a storage function to ensure incremental passivity and stability of the microgrid system.Moreover,it is shown that the aggregating of the microgrid dynamic and the decentralized controller dynamics satisfies the incremental passivity.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controllers is evaluated through simulation studies.The different scenarios including grid-connected and islanded modes as well as transition between both modes are simulated.The simulation conforms that the decentralized control dynamics are suited to achieve the desired objective of frequency synchronization,voltage control and power sharing in the grid-connected and islanded modes.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
基金Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(51377100)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of State Grid Shandong Power Company(SGSDWF00YJJS1400563).
文摘The increasing penetration of inverter-based distributed generations(DGs)significantly affects the fault characteristics of distribution networks.Fault analysis is a keystone for suitable protection scheme design.This paper presents the modelling methodology for distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and performs fault simulation based on the model.Firstly,a single inverter-based DG model based on the cascaded control structure is developed.Secondly,a simulation model of distribution network with two inverter-based DGs is established.Then,different fault simulations are performed based on the Real Time Digital Simulator(RTDS).Theoretical analyses are conducted to justify the simulation results,including the equivalent circuit of distribution networks with inverter-based DGs and the solution method for loop currents.
基金supported in part by the German academic exchange service (DAAD)and CONICET.
文摘High penetration of renewable energy sources(RES)leads to new challenges for protection devices.Protection schemes are typically designed according to the dynamic behavior of rotating machines as generation sources,while the RES dynamic response,mainly governed by inverters,is not considered.Consequently,some relevant algorithms of transmission line protection are experiencing challenges because of the fact that magnitude and phase angle com-parison,amount of negative-sequence,and short-circuit current level are affected by the RES.Therefore,an in-depth study of this issue is necessary,one which considers the main causes and new methodological criteria solutions.This work presents an extensive literature review of the evaluation of electrical protection performance and the effects of RES connected to a power grid through inverters.Bibliographic data on many representative publications related to this topic are obtained to show the current research lines and their proposed solutions.In addition,this work identi-fies the main protection functions affected and describes the new protection schemes that consider RES.Finally,an analysis and discussion of the selected bibliography are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61204033) the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.13511500200)
文摘This paper presents an ultra-low power incremental ADC for biosensor interface circuits. The ADC consists of a resettable second-order delta-sigma （△ ∑） modulator core and a resettable decimation filter. Several techniques are adopted to minimize its power consumption. A feedforward path is introduced to the modulator core to relax the signal swing and linearity requirement of the integrators. A correlated-double-sampling （CDS） technique is applied to reject the offset and 1/f noise, thereby removing the integrator leakage and relaxing the gain requirement of the OTA. A simple double-tailed inverter-based fully differential OTA using a thick-oxide CMOS is proposed to operate in the subthreshold region to fulfill both an ultra-low power and a large output swing at 1.2 V supply. The signal addition before the comparator in the feedforward architecture is performed in the current domain instead of the voltage domain to minimize the capacitive load to the integrators. The capacitors used in this design are of customized metal-oxide metal （MOM） type to reach the minimum capacitance set by the k T~ C noise limit. Fabricated with a 1P6M 0.18/zm CMOS technology, the presented incremental ADC consumes 600 nW at 2 kS/s from a 1.2 V supply, and achieves 68.3 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio （SNDR） at the Nyquist frequency and an FOM of 0.14 pJ/conversion step. The core area is 100 × 120 μm^2.
文摘Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)need to comply with grid code and fault ride through(FRT)requirements during disturbances whether they are in charging or discharging mode.Previous literature has shown that constant charging current control of BESSs in charging mode can prevent BESSs from complying with emerging grid codes such as the German grid code under stringent unbalanced fault conditions.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a new FRTactivated dual control strategy that consists of switching from constant battery current control to constant DC-link voltage control through a positive droop structure.The results show that the strategy ensures proper DC-link voltage and current management as well as adequate control of the positive-and negative-sequence active and reactive currents according to the grid code priority.It is also shown that the proposed FRT control strategy is tolerant to initial operating conditions of BESS plant,grid code requirements,and fault severity.
文摘当逆变型分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)以T接的方式接入高压配电网时,仅依靠提高电流纵联差动保护的整定值可能导致保护拒动。首先分析了逆变型DG的接入对电流纵联差动保护带来的影响。然后,利用线路母线电压互感器的信息,提出了以线路两端正序补偿电压的差值作为辅助判据的解决方案,并利用正序补偿电压和正序差动电流的相位关系消除动作死区。该方案简单易行,能够实现全线速动,并且不受DG容量、过渡电阻及两侧系统电势相角差等因素的影响。最后,基于PSCAD仿真平台搭建了含逆变型DG的110 k V高压配电网模型,对传统的电流纵差保护及改进的纵差保护进行了对比,验证了改进后保护方案的可靠性和有效性。
文摘绿色低碳转型的新型电力系统中,风光电源等变流器接口资源(inverter based resources,IBRs)高比例并网,其模拟惯量与传统的旋转惯量共同构成了广义惯量,显著改变了系统的有功动态特性。掌握广义惯量特性、实现惯量优化调控是未来系统安全稳定的重要保障。围绕新型电力系统广义惯量,基于一般惯量概念给出了新型电力系统广义惯量的定义和数学描述,分析了广义惯量资源体系,并针对异质资源惯量聚合表征、广义惯量评估、考虑惯量充裕的优化运行3类关键问题分别梳理了研究现状,分析了关键难题与挑战,并提出了相应的解决思路。
