This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm...This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.展开更多
This paper has identified two models of intra-product international division of labor:the model of passive inclusion and the model of proactive participation.Their difference is essentially whether participation in in...This paper has identified two models of intra-product international division of labor:the model of passive inclusion and the model of proactive participation.Their difference is essentially whether participation in international division of labor is dominated by multinational firms or by local firms.At the level of representative sectors,some characteristic variables of participation in international division of labor demonstrate significant industry differences.Models of division of labor affect technology progress.According to the empirical analysis result at the micro-level of four sectors,no matter for export or the contribution of learning by doing to corporate technology progress,the model of proactive participation is superior to the model of passive inclusion;under the model of passive inclusion,the technology spillover effect of import is smaller than "learning by doing " effect;under the model of proactive participation,technology spillover effect is over two times the "learning by doing" effect.展开更多
From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions sugges...From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions suggest that in integrating into the East Asian production network,China has gradually emerged as the manufacturing center of East Asia,weakening the regional influence of the Four Asian Tigers.Meanwhile,the competitive effect of China's rise has helped promote the specialization levels of the network's members and even the network as a whole.With cooperation in various processes of intra-product specialization,internal connections of the East Asian production network were further strengthened.In addition,China became an export platform of East Asia,transforming the export pattern of the East Asian production network to world markets from "bilateral trade" into "triangular trade," trade via China.展开更多
This study incorporates value-added ratio （VAR） and productivity into the analytical framework of intra-product specialization （IPS） as a globally comparable index for international specialization status （ISS）, ...This study incorporates value-added ratio （VAR） and productivity into the analytical framework of intra-product specialization （IPS） as a globally comparable index for international specialization status （ISS）, to analyze the effect of domestic technological innovation, labor force investment, capital investment and foreign direct investment （FDI） spillovers on the ISS of developing countries. It also tests the effects empirically against the data from Chinese high-tech industries and enterprises. The results show that domestic technological innovation and the improved coordination of material capital and human capital are key internal drivers in the improvement of the ISS of Chinese high-tech industries, whereas FDI spillovers play a relatively limited role therein. Therefore, the key to China＇s industry upgrading is to tap and nurture the internal motive forces rather than to rely on FDI spillovers.展开更多
本文从分工演进视角,提出了制度质量、融入产品内国际分工程度及其二者交互作用,促进出口技术复杂度提升作用机制的理论假说。借鉴Hausmann et al.(2005)的方法,利用1996—2010年HS92六位数分类贸易统计数据,本文测算了62个国家(地区)...本文从分工演进视角,提出了制度质量、融入产品内国际分工程度及其二者交互作用,促进出口技术复杂度提升作用机制的理论假说。借鉴Hausmann et al.(2005)的方法,利用1996—2010年HS92六位数分类贸易统计数据,本文测算了62个国家(地区)的出口技术复杂度,并分别运用OLS法和系统GMM法进行了实证研究。计量结果表明,制度质量的完善对提升出口技术复杂度具有显著正向作用,与此同时,融入产品内国际分工程度及其与制度质量的交互作用,同样也对出口技术复杂度提升具有显著促进作用。理论假说通过了较好的逻辑一致性计量检验。据此,伴随中国人口红利等传统低成本国际竞争优势逐步丧失,新一轮开放应注重释放制度红利,从而在进一步深度融入产品内国际分工体系中提升中国出口技术复杂度,谋求全球分工新地位。展开更多
全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技...全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。展开更多
文摘This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.
文摘This paper has identified two models of intra-product international division of labor:the model of passive inclusion and the model of proactive participation.Their difference is essentially whether participation in international division of labor is dominated by multinational firms or by local firms.At the level of representative sectors,some characteristic variables of participation in international division of labor demonstrate significant industry differences.Models of division of labor affect technology progress.According to the empirical analysis result at the micro-level of four sectors,no matter for export or the contribution of learning by doing to corporate technology progress,the model of proactive participation is superior to the model of passive inclusion;under the model of passive inclusion,the technology spillover effect of import is smaller than "learning by doing " effect;under the model of proactive participation,technology spillover effect is over two times the "learning by doing" effect.
基金This research project received the support of "Research on the Creation of China Foreign Trade Innovation System" under the Research Program of Philosophical and Social Sciences of Shanghai (Approval No.:2007BJL009),together with Open Economy and Trade,which is a key research task of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education.
文摘From the perspective of intra-product specialization and with in-depth analysis of trade statistics,this paper investigates the influence of China's rise on the East Asian production network.Our conclusions suggest that in integrating into the East Asian production network,China has gradually emerged as the manufacturing center of East Asia,weakening the regional influence of the Four Asian Tigers.Meanwhile,the competitive effect of China's rise has helped promote the specialization levels of the network's members and even the network as a whole.With cooperation in various processes of intra-product specialization,internal connections of the East Asian production network were further strengthened.In addition,China became an export platform of East Asia,transforming the export pattern of the East Asian production network to world markets from "bilateral trade" into "triangular trade," trade via China.
基金funded by the Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(11AZD009)the Key Project of the Key Research Institute of University Humanities and Social Sciences,the Chinese Ministry of Education(2009JJD790044)+2 种基金the Project of the Zhejiang Key Research Base of the Social Sciences(11JDQY01YB)the General Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2011M500979)the Fifth Group of Specially Funded Projects(2012T50533)
文摘This study incorporates value-added ratio （VAR） and productivity into the analytical framework of intra-product specialization （IPS） as a globally comparable index for international specialization status （ISS）, to analyze the effect of domestic technological innovation, labor force investment, capital investment and foreign direct investment （FDI） spillovers on the ISS of developing countries. It also tests the effects empirically against the data from Chinese high-tech industries and enterprises. The results show that domestic technological innovation and the improved coordination of material capital and human capital are key internal drivers in the improvement of the ISS of Chinese high-tech industries, whereas FDI spillovers play a relatively limited role therein. Therefore, the key to China＇s industry upgrading is to tap and nurture the internal motive forces rather than to rely on FDI spillovers.
文摘本文从分工演进视角,提出了制度质量、融入产品内国际分工程度及其二者交互作用,促进出口技术复杂度提升作用机制的理论假说。借鉴Hausmann et al.(2005)的方法,利用1996—2010年HS92六位数分类贸易统计数据,本文测算了62个国家(地区)的出口技术复杂度,并分别运用OLS法和系统GMM法进行了实证研究。计量结果表明,制度质量的完善对提升出口技术复杂度具有显著正向作用,与此同时,融入产品内国际分工程度及其与制度质量的交互作用,同样也对出口技术复杂度提升具有显著促进作用。理论假说通过了较好的逻辑一致性计量检验。据此,伴随中国人口红利等传统低成本国际竞争优势逐步丧失,新一轮开放应注重释放制度红利,从而在进一步深度融入产品内国际分工体系中提升中国出口技术复杂度,谋求全球分工新地位。
文摘全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。
