The gut microbiota of Mongolian hosts has distinctive characteristics due to their meat- and dairyoriented daily diets and unique genotype.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of switching from t...The gut microbiota of Mongolian hosts has distinctive characteristics due to their meat- and dairyoriented daily diets and unique genotype.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of switching from the typical high protein and fat Mongolian diets to carbohydrate-rich meals composed principally of wheat,rice and naked oats on the host gut microbiota within 3 weeks.Our study took the advantage of the long sequence reads produced by the Pac Bio single molecule real-time sequencing technology to enable the profiling of subjects' gut microbiota communities along the diet intervention to the species precision.We found that the bacterial richness and diversity decreased apparently along the diet intervention.During the diet intervention,the gut microbiota composition displayed no significant difference at phylum level(with major phyla of Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Tenericutes and Proteobacteria).The relative abundances of some genera such as Bacteroidetes,Faecalibacterium,Roseburia,Alistipes,Streptococcus,and Oscillospira were significantly altered after the diet switching started.Notably,significant changes were also observed in the proportions of the species Bacteroides dorei,Bacteroides fragilis,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Ruminococcus albus,Ruminococcus faecis,Roseburia faecis and Eubacterium ventriosum.These results have demonstrated that diet and host gut microbiota is closely linked.展开更多
精神分裂症是一种慢性精神障碍,常常伴随着体质量增加问题,从而影响患者服药依从性、症状改善,并增加代谢性和心血管相关疾病的风险。然而,精神分裂症患者体质量增加的具体机制尚未完全明确,可能的原因包括抗精神病药物对多个神经递质...精神分裂症是一种慢性精神障碍,常常伴随着体质量增加问题,从而影响患者服药依从性、症状改善,并增加代谢性和心血管相关疾病的风险。然而,精神分裂症患者体质量增加的具体机制尚未完全明确,可能的原因包括抗精神病药物对多个神经递质受体的作用导致食欲增加和糖脂代谢异常,精神分裂症与肥胖之间的共同发病机制,以及精神分裂症患者不健康的饮食偏好和生活方式等。近年来非药物干预治疗精神分裂症患者体质量增加的研究成果不断更新,干预主要包括3种方式:生活方式干预、减重手术、神经调控技术。生活方式干预包括饮食、运动及认知等方面,目前探究综合性的生活干预模式的成效及患者依从性成为研究的主流;减重手术治疗对满足手术适应证的精神分裂症肥胖患者具有减重的效果,但目前报道的案例总数较少,且需要进一步探究围术期症状管理;神经调控技术治疗中重复经颅磁刺激(repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对治疗精神分裂症患者的体质量增加具有潜在的前景。该文旨在为治疗精神分裂症患者体质量增加提供更多样化的临床策略参考。展开更多
Aims and objectives: To test an automated telephone service as a follow-up and support strategy for self-care in a population of adult Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The design was a two-group compara...Aims and objectives: To test an automated telephone service as a follow-up and support strategy for self-care in a population of adult Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The design was a two-group comparative design, with pre and post-intervention measurements. Patients were assigned into intervention (n = 31), or comparison (n = 33) groups. Over 12 weeks, each participant in the intervention group received automated phone calls with instructions to facilitate accomplishment of the treatment, and self-care activities. Two focus groups helped to appreciate patients’ follow-up experience. Randomized grouping was performed by selecting numbers from an urn;the final sample comprised 31 (48%) patients in the intervention group, and 33 (52%) in the comparison group;these procedures were performed by the case nurse management. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon and the University of Michigan;all of the participants signed informed consent. Results: Of the 372 programmed phone calls made to the participants, 234 were completed, representing a 62.9% response rate. Phone calls may be associated to a 0.82% decrease in the HbA1c values and to lower depression scores. HbA1c measurements decreased 0.82% (M = 7.41 - 6.69;t = 25;4.11;p = ?0.001) from the baseline values over the 12-week study in the intervention group and 0.49% (M = 7.24 - 6.75;t = 26;2.11;p = 0.044) in the comparison group. Variables related to medication intake did not exhibit differences between the baseline and second measurements, except with respect to the scale of depression.展开更多
文摘The gut microbiota of Mongolian hosts has distinctive characteristics due to their meat- and dairyoriented daily diets and unique genotype.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of switching from the typical high protein and fat Mongolian diets to carbohydrate-rich meals composed principally of wheat,rice and naked oats on the host gut microbiota within 3 weeks.Our study took the advantage of the long sequence reads produced by the Pac Bio single molecule real-time sequencing technology to enable the profiling of subjects' gut microbiota communities along the diet intervention to the species precision.We found that the bacterial richness and diversity decreased apparently along the diet intervention.During the diet intervention,the gut microbiota composition displayed no significant difference at phylum level(with major phyla of Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Tenericutes and Proteobacteria).The relative abundances of some genera such as Bacteroidetes,Faecalibacterium,Roseburia,Alistipes,Streptococcus,and Oscillospira were significantly altered after the diet switching started.Notably,significant changes were also observed in the proportions of the species Bacteroides dorei,Bacteroides fragilis,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,Ruminococcus albus,Ruminococcus faecis,Roseburia faecis and Eubacterium ventriosum.These results have demonstrated that diet and host gut microbiota is closely linked.
文摘精神分裂症是一种慢性精神障碍,常常伴随着体质量增加问题,从而影响患者服药依从性、症状改善,并增加代谢性和心血管相关疾病的风险。然而,精神分裂症患者体质量增加的具体机制尚未完全明确,可能的原因包括抗精神病药物对多个神经递质受体的作用导致食欲增加和糖脂代谢异常,精神分裂症与肥胖之间的共同发病机制,以及精神分裂症患者不健康的饮食偏好和生活方式等。近年来非药物干预治疗精神分裂症患者体质量增加的研究成果不断更新,干预主要包括3种方式:生活方式干预、减重手术、神经调控技术。生活方式干预包括饮食、运动及认知等方面,目前探究综合性的生活干预模式的成效及患者依从性成为研究的主流;减重手术治疗对满足手术适应证的精神分裂症肥胖患者具有减重的效果,但目前报道的案例总数较少,且需要进一步探究围术期症状管理;神经调控技术治疗中重复经颅磁刺激(repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对治疗精神分裂症患者的体质量增加具有潜在的前景。该文旨在为治疗精神分裂症患者体质量增加提供更多样化的临床策略参考。
文摘Aims and objectives: To test an automated telephone service as a follow-up and support strategy for self-care in a population of adult Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The design was a two-group comparative design, with pre and post-intervention measurements. Patients were assigned into intervention (n = 31), or comparison (n = 33) groups. Over 12 weeks, each participant in the intervention group received automated phone calls with instructions to facilitate accomplishment of the treatment, and self-care activities. Two focus groups helped to appreciate patients’ follow-up experience. Randomized grouping was performed by selecting numbers from an urn;the final sample comprised 31 (48%) patients in the intervention group, and 33 (52%) in the comparison group;these procedures were performed by the case nurse management. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon and the University of Michigan;all of the participants signed informed consent. Results: Of the 372 programmed phone calls made to the participants, 234 were completed, representing a 62.9% response rate. Phone calls may be associated to a 0.82% decrease in the HbA1c values and to lower depression scores. HbA1c measurements decreased 0.82% (M = 7.41 - 6.69;t = 25;4.11;p = ?0.001) from the baseline values over the 12-week study in the intervention group and 0.49% (M = 7.24 - 6.75;t = 26;2.11;p = 0.044) in the comparison group. Variables related to medication intake did not exhibit differences between the baseline and second measurements, except with respect to the scale of depression.
