In this paper, internal oxidation kinetics and the diffusion mechanism of oxygen in sintered Cu-Al alloy have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and heat-weighting s...In this paper, internal oxidation kinetics and the diffusion mechanism of oxygen in sintered Cu-Al alloy have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and heat-weighting scales. The results show that the kinetic curves obey the parabolic law in the initial stage and are linear in the late stage.The oxygen atoms are mainly transported in the from of grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion in the process of internal oxidation. The plastic deformation of Cu matrix around oxide particles increases the probability of [O] atoms moving in accordance with dislocation diffusion mechanism. Meanwhile, the activation energy and diffusion coefficient in the process of internal oxidation are evaluated by means of kinetic method so as to obtain the velocity equations of reacting interface moving in different stage.展开更多
采用有机溶剂对杜仲叶中绿原酸进行浸提,用高效液相色谱法对绿原酸进行定性定量分析,考察了液固比、乙醇浓度、温度和时间对绿原酸浸出率的影响,并对绿原酸浸出过程进行了动力学模拟.结果表明,绿原酸浸出的最优条件为乙醇浓度60%(?),液...采用有机溶剂对杜仲叶中绿原酸进行浸提,用高效液相色谱法对绿原酸进行定性定量分析,考察了液固比、乙醇浓度、温度和时间对绿原酸浸出率的影响,并对绿原酸浸出过程进行了动力学模拟.结果表明,绿原酸浸出的最优条件为乙醇浓度60%(?),液固比10 m L/g,在60℃下提取40 min,该条件下绿原酸的浸出率达90.21%.乙醇浸提杜仲叶中绿原酸符合内扩散动力学模型,表观活化能Ea=11.46 k J/mol.展开更多
Due to the instability of FeO at temperatures below 843 K,the fuidization reduction pathway of iron ore powder changes with the reduction temperature.Thus,the effect of temperature and reaction pathway interaction on ...Due to the instability of FeO at temperatures below 843 K,the fuidization reduction pathway of iron ore powder changes with the reduction temperature.Thus,the effect of temperature and reaction pathway interaction on the kinetics of fuidization reduction of iron ore powder under low-temperature conditions ranging from 783 to 903 K was investigated to describe the fluidization reduction rate of iron ore powder from three aspects:microstructure change,reaction limiting link,and apparent activation energy of the reaction,exploring their internal correlation.The experimental results revealed that in a temperature range of 783-813 K,the formation of a dense iron layer hindered the internal diffusion of reducing gas,resulting in relatively high gas diffusion resistance.In addition,due to the differences in limiting links and reaction pathways in the intermediate stage of reduction,the apparent activation energy of the reaction varied.The apparent activation energy of the reaction ranged from 23.36 to 89.13 kJ/mol at temperature ranging from 783 to 813 K,while it ranged from 14.30 to 68.34 kJ/mol at temperature ranging from 873 to 903 K.展开更多
A dynamic mass transfer model of isobutane/butene alkylation over solid acid catalysts in a fixed bed reactor was established. In the model, a modified equation for the relationship between point activity and effectiv...A dynamic mass transfer model of isobutane/butene alkylation over solid acid catalysts in a fixed bed reactor was established. In the model, a modified equation for the relationship between point activity and effective diffusion coefficient was proposed. It is found that the simulation results fit the experimental data well and the breakthrough time of the bed layer is predicted accurately. By modeling the alkylation process, the time-space distribution of butene and point activity profiles of catalysts can be obtained. Furthermore, the reasons for the deactivation of solid acid catalysts were investigated. It indicates that the main reason for the deactivation of catalysts is the site coverage near the inlet of the reactor, while it is ascribed to the steric effect in the region far away from the inlet.展开更多
This paper concerns the reconstruction of a scalar coefficient of a second-order elliptic equation in divergence form posed on a bounded domain from internal data.This problem finds applications in multi-wave imaging,...This paper concerns the reconstruction of a scalar coefficient of a second-order elliptic equation in divergence form posed on a bounded domain from internal data.This problem finds applications in multi-wave imaging,greedy methods to approximate parameter-dependent elliptic problems,and image treatment with partial differential equations.We first show that the inverse problem for smooth coefficients can be rewritten as a linear transport equation.Assuming that the coefficient is known near the boundary,we study the well-posedness of associated transport equation as well as its numerical resolution using discontinuous Galerkin method.We propose a regularized transport equation that allow us to derive rigorous convergence rates of the numerical method in terms of the order of the polynomial approximation as well as the regularization parameter.We finally provide numerical examples for the inversion assuming a lower regularity of the coefficient,and using synthetic data.展开更多
文摘In this paper, internal oxidation kinetics and the diffusion mechanism of oxygen in sintered Cu-Al alloy have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and heat-weighting scales. The results show that the kinetic curves obey the parabolic law in the initial stage and are linear in the late stage.The oxygen atoms are mainly transported in the from of grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion in the process of internal oxidation. The plastic deformation of Cu matrix around oxide particles increases the probability of [O] atoms moving in accordance with dislocation diffusion mechanism. Meanwhile, the activation energy and diffusion coefficient in the process of internal oxidation are evaluated by means of kinetic method so as to obtain the velocity equations of reacting interface moving in different stage.
文摘采用有机溶剂对杜仲叶中绿原酸进行浸提,用高效液相色谱法对绿原酸进行定性定量分析,考察了液固比、乙醇浓度、温度和时间对绿原酸浸出率的影响,并对绿原酸浸出过程进行了动力学模拟.结果表明,绿原酸浸出的最优条件为乙醇浓度60%(?),液固比10 m L/g,在60℃下提取40 min,该条件下绿原酸的浸出率达90.21%.乙醇浸提杜仲叶中绿原酸符合内扩散动力学模型,表观活化能Ea=11.46 k J/mol.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Xinjiang Joint Fund(U2003124)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974001)the University Outstanding Young Talents Funding Program(No.gxyq2019016).
文摘Due to the instability of FeO at temperatures below 843 K,the fuidization reduction pathway of iron ore powder changes with the reduction temperature.Thus,the effect of temperature and reaction pathway interaction on the kinetics of fuidization reduction of iron ore powder under low-temperature conditions ranging from 783 to 903 K was investigated to describe the fluidization reduction rate of iron ore powder from three aspects:microstructure change,reaction limiting link,and apparent activation energy of the reaction,exploring their internal correlation.The experimental results revealed that in a temperature range of 783-813 K,the formation of a dense iron layer hindered the internal diffusion of reducing gas,resulting in relatively high gas diffusion resistance.In addition,due to the differences in limiting links and reaction pathways in the intermediate stage of reduction,the apparent activation energy of the reaction varied.The apparent activation energy of the reaction ranged from 23.36 to 89.13 kJ/mol at temperature ranging from 783 to 813 K,while it ranged from 14.30 to 68.34 kJ/mol at temperature ranging from 873 to 903 K.
文摘A dynamic mass transfer model of isobutane/butene alkylation over solid acid catalysts in a fixed bed reactor was established. In the model, a modified equation for the relationship between point activity and effective diffusion coefficient was proposed. It is found that the simulation results fit the experimental data well and the breakthrough time of the bed layer is predicted accurately. By modeling the alkylation process, the time-space distribution of butene and point activity profiles of catalysts can be obtained. Furthermore, the reasons for the deactivation of solid acid catalysts were investigated. It indicates that the main reason for the deactivation of catalysts is the site coverage near the inlet of the reactor, while it is ascribed to the steric effect in the region far away from the inlet.
基金ANR-17-CE40-0029 of the French National Research Agency ANR(project MultiOnde).
文摘This paper concerns the reconstruction of a scalar coefficient of a second-order elliptic equation in divergence form posed on a bounded domain from internal data.This problem finds applications in multi-wave imaging,greedy methods to approximate parameter-dependent elliptic problems,and image treatment with partial differential equations.We first show that the inverse problem for smooth coefficients can be rewritten as a linear transport equation.Assuming that the coefficient is known near the boundary,we study the well-posedness of associated transport equation as well as its numerical resolution using discontinuous Galerkin method.We propose a regularized transport equation that allow us to derive rigorous convergence rates of the numerical method in terms of the order of the polynomial approximation as well as the regularization parameter.We finally provide numerical examples for the inversion assuming a lower regularity of the coefficient,and using synthetic data.
