AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2...AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements (using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase.RESULTSAt baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index (BMI) 36.90 kg/m<sup>2</sup>]. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase (+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal (mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal (< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values (χ<sup>2</sup> likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG (all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose v展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effect of electrokinetic remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.[Methods] By preparing Cd-contaminated soil and constructing an electrokinetic remediation experimental...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effect of electrokinetic remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.[Methods] By preparing Cd-contaminated soil and constructing an electrokinetic remediation experimental device,the effects of changing remediation time,voltage gradient,electrolyte type and power-on method on the removal rate of Cd were studied.[Results]When the voltage gradient was increased from 0.5 to 1.0 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate increased by 13%;and when the voltage gradient was increased from 1.0 to 1.5 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate only increased by 3%.Compared with 72 h of electrokinetic remediation,96 h of remediation increased the remediation rate by 4%,and the total energy consumption increased by 13%,while 120 h of remediation increased the remediation rate by 6.5%,and the total energy consumption increased by 67%.Compared with citric acid as electrolyte,the remediation rate of the acetic acid group increased by 12%,and the total energy consumption increased by 42%,while the remediation rate of the hydrochloric acid group increased by18%,and the total energy consumption increased by 70.5%.Compared with the conventional remediation method,the total Cd removal rates achieved by the different power-on methods increased by 9% and 31%,respectively,and the total energy consumption decreased by 58% and 45%,respectively.[Conclusions]The electrokinetic remediation technology has certain advantage in remediating Cd-contaminated soil.展开更多
基金Supported by Department of Medicine,University of Saskat-chewan,and the College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,University of Saskatchewan
文摘AIMTo determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting (IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODSWe describe a three-phase observational study (baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements (using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase.RESULTSAt baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index (BMI) 36.90 kg/m<sup>2</sup>]. We report here that a short-term period of IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight (-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI (-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose (SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase (+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal (mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal (< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values (χ<sup>2</sup> likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG (all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose v
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effect of electrokinetic remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.[Methods] By preparing Cd-contaminated soil and constructing an electrokinetic remediation experimental device,the effects of changing remediation time,voltage gradient,electrolyte type and power-on method on the removal rate of Cd were studied.[Results]When the voltage gradient was increased from 0.5 to 1.0 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate increased by 13%;and when the voltage gradient was increased from 1.0 to 1.5 V/cm,the total Cd removal rate only increased by 3%.Compared with 72 h of electrokinetic remediation,96 h of remediation increased the remediation rate by 4%,and the total energy consumption increased by 13%,while 120 h of remediation increased the remediation rate by 6.5%,and the total energy consumption increased by 67%.Compared with citric acid as electrolyte,the remediation rate of the acetic acid group increased by 12%,and the total energy consumption increased by 42%,while the remediation rate of the hydrochloric acid group increased by18%,and the total energy consumption increased by 70.5%.Compared with the conventional remediation method,the total Cd removal rates achieved by the different power-on methods increased by 9% and 31%,respectively,and the total energy consumption decreased by 58% and 45%,respectively.[Conclusions]The electrokinetic remediation technology has certain advantage in remediating Cd-contaminated soil.
