An optical waveguide interconnect mesh network scheme for parallel multiprocessor systems based on an electro-optical printed circuit board （EOPCB） with multimode polymer waveguide is proposed. The system consists o...An optical waveguide interconnect mesh network scheme for parallel multiprocessor systems based on an electro-optical printed circuit board （EOPCB） with multimode polymer waveguide is proposed. The system consists of 2×2 processor element chips interconnected in a mesh network configuration. An additional layer with optical waveguide structure is embedded in a conventional printed circuit board to construct the EOPCB. Vertical cavity surface emitting laser （VCSEL）/positive intrinsic-negative （PIN） arrays are ap- plied as the optical transmitters/receivers. Three 1 ~ 12 VCSEL/PIN parallel optical transmitting/receiving modules are used to provide 32 input/output optical channels required by the 2~2 chip-to-chip optical mesh interconnect system. The data rate in each optical channel is 3.125 Gbps and thus 10 Gbps parallel optical interconnect link for each direction of a chip is obtained. The optical signals from a processor element chip can be transmitted to another chip through optical waveguide interconnect embedded in the board. Thus the optical interconnect mesh network for parallel multiprocessor system can be implemented.展开更多
电-气综合能源系统能流计算的计算方法多为牛顿法,具有初值敏感性问题,若初值选取不当会造成计算不收敛。现有研究中天然气系统(natural gas system,NGS)的计算初值选取问题还未有适用的解决方法。从能流算法方面入手,提出基于BFGS信赖...电-气综合能源系统能流计算的计算方法多为牛顿法,具有初值敏感性问题,若初值选取不当会造成计算不收敛。现有研究中天然气系统(natural gas system,NGS)的计算初值选取问题还未有适用的解决方法。从能流算法方面入手,提出基于BFGS信赖域算法的电-气综合能源系统能流计算方法,利用BFGS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno)信赖域算法对初值依赖性不高特点,求取NGS的能流分布,解决使用Newton法进行计算时潮流计算容易不收敛的问题。基于6节点天然气系统和19节点电-气综合能源系统的算例,验证了方法的准确性和有效性。展开更多
With the intensifying energy crisis and environmental pollution, the Energy Internet and corresponding patterns of energy use have been attracting more and more attention. In this paper, the basic concept and characte...With the intensifying energy crisis and environmental pollution, the Energy Internet and corresponding patterns of energy use have been attracting more and more attention. In this paper, the basic concept and characteristics of the Energy Internet are summarized, and its basic structural framework is analyzed in detail. On this basis,couplings between the electric power system and other systems such as the cooling and heating system, the natural gas system, and the traffic system are analyzed, and the operation and planning of integrated energy systems in both deterministic and uncertain environments are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the research prospects and main technical challenges of the Energy Internet are discussed.展开更多
随着能源利用终端多能耦合程度的加深,配电网网络重构需充分考虑多能耦合之间的影响,以配电网快速灵活的重构操作提升综合能源系统的优化水平。基于此,建立了考虑配电网网络重构的电-气综合能源系统(integrated electricpowerandnatural...随着能源利用终端多能耦合程度的加深,配电网网络重构需充分考虑多能耦合之间的影响,以配电网快速灵活的重构操作提升综合能源系统的优化水平。基于此,建立了考虑配电网网络重构的电-气综合能源系统(integrated electricpowerandnaturalgassystem,IEGS)优化运行模型。一方面,在最小化IEGS运行成本的基础上,利用条件风险价值理论(conditional value at risk, CVaR)量化IEGS源-荷不确定性所带来的运行风险,将其折算为成本统一到目标函数中;另一方面,考虑多能耦合约束,将配电网络重构映射到IEGS运行优化模型中,潮流模型中引入重构开关控制变量,构建支路开断潮流约束和配电网辐射状约束,并对其进行线性化处理。算例结果表明,在IEGS中考虑配电网网络重构可提升IEGS运行能力,而利用CVaR计及了源荷不确定性,使得IEGS中配电网重构结果更具鲁棒性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60677023)the National"863"Program of China(No.2006AA01Z240).
文摘An optical waveguide interconnect mesh network scheme for parallel multiprocessor systems based on an electro-optical printed circuit board （EOPCB） with multimode polymer waveguide is proposed. The system consists of 2×2 processor element chips interconnected in a mesh network configuration. An additional layer with optical waveguide structure is embedded in a conventional printed circuit board to construct the EOPCB. Vertical cavity surface emitting laser （VCSEL）/positive intrinsic-negative （PIN） arrays are ap- plied as the optical transmitters/receivers. Three 1 ~ 12 VCSEL/PIN parallel optical transmitting/receiving modules are used to provide 32 input/output optical channels required by the 2~2 chip-to-chip optical mesh interconnect system. The data rate in each optical channel is 3.125 Gbps and thus 10 Gbps parallel optical interconnect link for each direction of a chip is obtained. The optical signals from a processor element chip can be transmitted to another chip through optical waveguide interconnect embedded in the board. Thus the optical interconnect mesh network for parallel multiprocessor system can be implemented.
文摘电-气综合能源系统能流计算的计算方法多为牛顿法,具有初值敏感性问题,若初值选取不当会造成计算不收敛。现有研究中天然气系统(natural gas system,NGS)的计算初值选取问题还未有适用的解决方法。从能流算法方面入手,提出基于BFGS信赖域算法的电-气综合能源系统能流计算方法,利用BFGS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno)信赖域算法对初值依赖性不高特点,求取NGS的能流分布,解决使用Newton法进行计算时潮流计算容易不收敛的问题。基于6节点天然气系统和19节点电-气综合能源系统的算例,验证了方法的准确性和有效性。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51520105011)part by the Key S&T Special Project of Hunan Province of China(No.2015GK1002)part by the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province of China(No.2015WK3002)
文摘With the intensifying energy crisis and environmental pollution, the Energy Internet and corresponding patterns of energy use have been attracting more and more attention. In this paper, the basic concept and characteristics of the Energy Internet are summarized, and its basic structural framework is analyzed in detail. On this basis,couplings between the electric power system and other systems such as the cooling and heating system, the natural gas system, and the traffic system are analyzed, and the operation and planning of integrated energy systems in both deterministic and uncertain environments are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the research prospects and main technical challenges of the Energy Internet are discussed.
文摘随着能源利用终端多能耦合程度的加深,配电网网络重构需充分考虑多能耦合之间的影响,以配电网快速灵活的重构操作提升综合能源系统的优化水平。基于此,建立了考虑配电网网络重构的电-气综合能源系统(integrated electricpowerandnaturalgassystem,IEGS)优化运行模型。一方面,在最小化IEGS运行成本的基础上,利用条件风险价值理论(conditional value at risk, CVaR)量化IEGS源-荷不确定性所带来的运行风险,将其折算为成本统一到目标函数中;另一方面,考虑多能耦合约束,将配电网络重构映射到IEGS运行优化模型中,潮流模型中引入重构开关控制变量,构建支路开断潮流约束和配电网辐射状约束,并对其进行线性化处理。算例结果表明,在IEGS中考虑配电网网络重构可提升IEGS运行能力,而利用CVaR计及了源荷不确定性,使得IEGS中配电网重构结果更具鲁棒性。
