Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can...Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can confer enhanced resistance to pests in rice,few studies have directly demonstrated the Si-mediated protection from pests in a field situation.In this study,field plots with silicon amendments at 0,75,150 and 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 in early-and late-season rice were employed to evaluate the effects of silicon amendment on the occurrence of major insect pests and diseases and rice yield.Compared with the control plots without silicon amendment,plant damage by stem borer and leaf folder and population size of planthopper were significantly lower in three to five of the seven monitoring observations in each season in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1.The disease index of rice blast in the early-season rice was lower in the plots amended with Si at 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 than in the control plots,while Si protection from rice blast in the late-season rice and from rice sheath blight in the early-season rice were not apparent.An insignificant increase of rice yield by 16.4%（604 kg ha-1）was observed in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 over the control plots.Our results indicate that Si amendment at 300kg SiO2 ha-1 can provide substantial protection from some of the rice pests under field conditions.These findings support the recommendation of silicon amendment as a key component of integrated management of rice pests.展开更多
单一抗病、抗虫品种在农业生产中已经不能满足需要,本研究通过基因工程技术构建抗病基因pCAMBIA-3301-PR1表达载体,通过花粉管通道法转化外源抗病基因PR1到含有CryAB-13-1转基因高世代受体大豆中,得到兼具抗病抗虫新材料。对T_(2),转基...单一抗病、抗虫品种在农业生产中已经不能满足需要,本研究通过基因工程技术构建抗病基因pCAMBIA-3301-PR1表达载体,通过花粉管通道法转化外源抗病基因PR1到含有CryAB-13-1转基因高世代受体大豆中,得到兼具抗病抗虫新材料。对T_(2),转基因植株进行常规PCR检测,SouthernBlot杂交,Real TimePCR检测,室内、室外抗虫鉴定,室内抗病鉴定。结果表明,在T_(2)代常规PCR检测中,阳性植株共15株。SouthernBlot杂交结果显示,PR1与CryAB-13-1基因均以单拷贝子的形式整合在大豆中。Real Time PCR表明PR1和CryAB-13-1基因在不同组织中表达量有差异,PR1基因在植物根、茎、叶中表达量平均分别为2.88、1.48、5.86,CryAB-13-1基因在根、茎、叶中表达量平均分别为3.03、1.32、7.11。室外抗虫鉴定阳性植株CryAB-13-1基因的植株虫食率为3.47%,抗虫级别上属于R-抗,抗虫级别从感虫到抗虫级别。室内采用圆盘分隔法进行抗虫鉴定,转化植株芽长有明显增长。室内抗病鉴定未转化植株平均死亡率高达58.34%,转化PR1基因植株平均死亡率为15.38%,抗病能力明显提高。因此得到兼具抗病抗虫新材料。展开更多
Geminiviruses are a group of circular single-stranded DNA viruses that constitute the largest family of plant viruses. Many diseases resulting from geminivirus infections, such as maize streak disease, cassava mosaic ...Geminiviruses are a group of circular single-stranded DNA viruses that constitute the largest family of plant viruses. Many diseases resulting from geminivirus infections, such as maize streak disease, cassava mosaic disease, tomato yellow leaf curl disease and cotton leaf curl diseases, cause significant problems in terms of economic losses, posing a serious threat to global crop productivity (Hanley-Bowdoin et al., 2013;Yang et al., 2019). As obligate intracellular parasites, geminiviruses cannot be controlled chemically. Conventional strategies to control geminiviruses rely heavily on the application of pesticides to limit insect vector populations, but it causes environmental concerns. To date, developing novel crop germplasms with durable disease resistance to geminiviruses is still the best strategy to manage viral infections due to its environmental friendliness. However, traditional breeding programs are time-intensive and labor-consuming processes, and transgene-based modern approaches by overexpressing the geminiviral proteins (e.g., the truncated form of the replication initiator protein) failed to confer resistance to geminiviruses due to activated virusinduced transgene silencing.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371951)the National Key Technology R&D Program for Grain Crops, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFD0300701)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2017JC41)
文摘Rice is one of the most important staple foods for the world population,but it is attacked by a number of destructive pests.While evidence from greenhouse and laboratory tests has shown that silicon（Si）amendment can confer enhanced resistance to pests in rice,few studies have directly demonstrated the Si-mediated protection from pests in a field situation.In this study,field plots with silicon amendments at 0,75,150 and 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 in early-and late-season rice were employed to evaluate the effects of silicon amendment on the occurrence of major insect pests and diseases and rice yield.Compared with the control plots without silicon amendment,plant damage by stem borer and leaf folder and population size of planthopper were significantly lower in three to five of the seven monitoring observations in each season in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1.The disease index of rice blast in the early-season rice was lower in the plots amended with Si at 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 than in the control plots,while Si protection from rice blast in the late-season rice and from rice sheath blight in the early-season rice were not apparent.An insignificant increase of rice yield by 16.4%（604 kg ha-1）was observed in the plots amended with 300 kg SiO2 ha-1 over the control plots.Our results indicate that Si amendment at 300kg SiO2 ha-1 can provide substantial protection from some of the rice pests under field conditions.These findings support the recommendation of silicon amendment as a key component of integrated management of rice pests.
文摘单一抗病、抗虫品种在农业生产中已经不能满足需要,本研究通过基因工程技术构建抗病基因pCAMBIA-3301-PR1表达载体,通过花粉管通道法转化外源抗病基因PR1到含有CryAB-13-1转基因高世代受体大豆中,得到兼具抗病抗虫新材料。对T_(2),转基因植株进行常规PCR检测,SouthernBlot杂交,Real TimePCR检测,室内、室外抗虫鉴定,室内抗病鉴定。结果表明,在T_(2)代常规PCR检测中,阳性植株共15株。SouthernBlot杂交结果显示,PR1与CryAB-13-1基因均以单拷贝子的形式整合在大豆中。Real Time PCR表明PR1和CryAB-13-1基因在不同组织中表达量有差异,PR1基因在植物根、茎、叶中表达量平均分别为2.88、1.48、5.86,CryAB-13-1基因在根、茎、叶中表达量平均分别为3.03、1.32、7.11。室外抗虫鉴定阳性植株CryAB-13-1基因的植株虫食率为3.47%,抗虫级别上属于R-抗,抗虫级别从感虫到抗虫级别。室内采用圆盘分隔法进行抗虫鉴定,转化植株芽长有明显增长。室内抗病鉴定未转化植株平均死亡率高达58.34%,转化PR1基因植株平均死亡率为15.38%,抗病能力明显提高。因此得到兼具抗病抗虫新材料。
文摘Geminiviruses are a group of circular single-stranded DNA viruses that constitute the largest family of plant viruses. Many diseases resulting from geminivirus infections, such as maize streak disease, cassava mosaic disease, tomato yellow leaf curl disease and cotton leaf curl diseases, cause significant problems in terms of economic losses, posing a serious threat to global crop productivity (Hanley-Bowdoin et al., 2013;Yang et al., 2019). As obligate intracellular parasites, geminiviruses cannot be controlled chemically. Conventional strategies to control geminiviruses rely heavily on the application of pesticides to limit insect vector populations, but it causes environmental concerns. To date, developing novel crop germplasms with durable disease resistance to geminiviruses is still the best strategy to manage viral infections due to its environmental friendliness. However, traditional breeding programs are time-intensive and labor-consuming processes, and transgene-based modern approaches by overexpressing the geminiviral proteins (e.g., the truncated form of the replication initiator protein) failed to confer resistance to geminiviruses due to activated virusinduced transgene silencing.
