Objective： To investigate the electrical signals propagated along Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian （BL） in a rat model. Methods： The experiments were performed on Dark-Agouti （DA）, DA.lU and Sprague Dawley （SD） r...Objective： To investigate the electrical signals propagated along Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian （BL） in a rat model. Methods： The experiments were performed on Dark-Agouti （DA）, DA.lU and Sprague Dawley （SD） rats. The antidromic electrical stimulation was applied on the nerve innervating ＂Pishu＂ （BL 20） to mimic the acupoint electro-acupuncture （EA）. The activities recording from adjacent nerve innervating acupoint ＂Danshu＂ （BL 19） or ＂Weishu＂ （BL 21） were recorded as indics for acupoint, including the mechanical threshold and discharge rate. Results： After mimic EA on BL 20, C and A $ units from adjacent BL 19 or BL 21 were sensitized including the decrease in mechanical threshold and increase in discharge rates in DA, DA.1U and SD rats, especially in DA rats. The average discharge rate increased from 2.40± 0.26 to 6.06± 0.55 and from 1.92±0.42 to 6.17± 1.10 impulse/min （P〈0.01）, and the mechanical threshold decreased from 0.52 ± 0.12 to 0.24 ± 0.05 and from 0.27±0.02 to 0.16±0.01 mmol/L （P〈0.01） in C （n=15） and Aδ （n=18） units in DA rats. The net change in discharge rates from C units were 152.5%, 144.7% and 42.4% in DA, DA.1U and SD rats, respectively, among which DA rat＇s was the highest （P〈0.05）. In A δ units, the net change in DA rats were also the highest （221.5%, 139.2% and 49.2% in DA, DA.lU and SD rats）. Conclusions： These results showed that mimic acupoint EA activated adjacent acupoints along BL in three rat strains, which might be related to propagated sensation along meridians （PSM）. In addition, DA rats were more sensitive and might be a good model animal for PSM research.展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether manual acupuncture at representative acupoints in different parts of the body can modulate responses of gastric motility in rats and regular effects in different acupoint stimulation. METH...AIM： To investigate whether manual acupuncture at representative acupoints in different parts of the body can modulate responses of gastric motility in rats and regular effects in different acupoint stimulation. METHODS： The gastric motor activity of rats was recorded by the intrapyloric balloon. The changes of gastric motility induced by the stimulation were compared with the background activity in intragastric pressure and/or waves of gastric contraction recorded before any stimulation. Morphological study was also conducted by observing the Evans dye extravasation in the skin after mustard oil injection into the intragastric mucous membrane to certify cutaneous innervations of blue dots related to gastric segmental innervations. RESULTS： In all six rats that received mustard oil injections into intragastric mucosa, small blue dots appeared in the skin over the whole abdomen, but mainly in peri-midline upper- and middle- abdomen and middle-back, a few in thigh and groin. It may speculate that cutaneous innervations of blue dots have the same distribution as gastric segmental innervations. Acustimulation in acupoints of head-neck, four limbs, upper chest-dorsum and Iower-dorsum induced markedly augmentation of gastric motility （acupoints on headneck such as St-2： n = 16, 105.19 ± 1.36 vs 112.25 ± 2.02 and St-3： n = 14, 101.5 ± 1.75 vs 109.36 ± 1.8; acupoints on limbs such as Sp-6： n = 19, 100.74 ± 1.54 vs 110.26 ± 3.88; St-32： n = 17, 103.59 ± 1.64 vs 108.24 ± 2.41; St-36： n = 16, 104.81 ± 1.72 vs 110.81 ± 2.74 and U-11： n = 17, 106.47 ± 2.61 vs 114.77 ± 3.77, P 〈 0.05-0.001）. Vigorous inhibitory regulations of gastric motility induced by acu-stimulation applied in acupoints on whole abdomen and middle-dorsum were significantly different as compared with the controls before acu-stimulation （abdomen acupoints such as Cv-12： n = 11, 109.36 ± 2.09 vs 101 ± 2.21; Cv-6： n = 18, 104.39 ± 1.42 vs 91.83 ± 3.22 and St-21： n = 12, 107 ± 2.97 vs 98.58 ± 2.81; acupoints on m展开更多
AIM： To clarify the innervation of human gallbladder,with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.METHODS： The liver, gallbladder and surrounding structures were imm...AIM： To clarify the innervation of human gallbladder,with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.METHODS： The liver, gallbladder and surrounding structures were immersed in a 10 mg/L solution of alizarin red S in ethanol to stain the peripheral nerves in cadavers （n = 10）. Innervation in the areas was completely dissected under a binocular microscope. Similarly,innervation in the same areas of 10 Suncus murinus （S. murinus） was examined employing whole mount immunohistochemistry.RESULTS： Innervation of the gallbladder occurred predominantly through two routes. One was from the anterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic arteries and duct. Invariably this route passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament. The other route was from the posterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic duct ventrally. This route also passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament dorsally.Similar results were obtained in S. murinus.CONCLUSION： The route from the anterior hepatic plexus via the cystic artery and/or duct is crucial for preserving gallbladder innervation. Lymph node dissection specifically in the hepatoduodenal ligament may affect the incidence of gallstones after gastrectomy.Furthermore, the route from the posterior hepatic plexus via the common bile duct and the cystic duct to the gallbladder should not be disregarded. Preservation of the plexus may attenuate the incidence of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.展开更多
目的：用霍乱毒素亚单位B结合荧光素488和594（cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with A1exa Fluor488，594，CTB—Alexa488，594）双标记示踪技术揭示“京骨”和“大钟”穴在大鼠神经系统中的特异性联系，探讨原络配穴的神经解剖学...目的：用霍乱毒素亚单位B结合荧光素488和594（cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with A1exa Fluor488，594，CTB—Alexa488，594）双标记示踪技术揭示“京骨”和“大钟”穴在大鼠神经系统中的特异性联系，探讨原络配穴的神经解剖学基础。方法：用微量注射器将0．1％CTB-Alexa488和CTB-Alexa594两种示踪剂各5μL分别注入3只雄性SD大鼠后肢“京骨”和“大钟”穴区。72h后将动物灌流固定，取出脑、脊髓和脊神经节，并制成组织切片，然后直接用荧光显微镜系统观察和记录被标记的神经元。结果：在相应的激发光下，CTB-Alexa488和594标记的神经元分别呈绿色和红色，双重标记的神经元呈黄色，均位于示踪剂注入侧的相关神经组织中。在所标记到的神经元中，与“京骨”和“大钟”穴相关联的感觉神经元集中在L4～L5脊神经节，少量分布在L3和L5脊神经节，其中双标的感觉神经元主要出现在L4～L5脊神经节；与两穴相关联的运动神经元以L4～L5节段为中心呈柱状分布在L3～L6节段脊髓前角第Ⅸ层的后外侧部。结论：应用CTB-Alexa4gg和594荧光双标记示踪技术观察到了与原穴“京骨”和络穴“犬钟”相关的感觉和运动神经元在脊神经节和脊髓的分布规律。展开更多
This review summarizes the current status of the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)procedure.Following the early work by Sekundo et al.and Shah et al.,SMILE has become increasingly popular.The accuracy of the ...This review summarizes the current status of the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)procedure.Following the early work by Sekundo et al.and Shah et al.,SMILE has become increasingly popular.The accuracy of the creation of the lenticule with the VisuMax femtosecond laser(Carl Zeiss Meditec)has been verified using very high-frequency(VHF)digital ultrasound and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Visual and refractive outcomes have been shown to be similar to those achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),notably in a large population reported by Hjortdal,Vestergaard et al.Safety in terms of the change in corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)has also been shown to be similar to LASIK.It was expected that there would be less postoperative dry eye after SMILE compared to LASIK because the anterior stroma is disturbed only by the small incision,meaning that the anterior corneal nerves should be less affected.A number of studies have demonstrated a lower reduction and faster recovery of corneal sensation after SMILE than LASIK.Some studies have also used confocal microscopy to demonstrate a lower decrease in subbasal nerve fiber density after SMILE than LASIK.The potential biomechanical advantages of SMILE have been modeled by Reinstein et al.based on the non-linearity of tensile strength through the stroma.Studies have reported a similar change in Ocular Response Analyzer(Reichert)parameters after SMILE and LASIK,however,these have previously been shown to be unreliable as a representation of corneal biomechanics.Retreatment options after SMILE are discussed.Tissue addition applications of the SMILE procedure are also discussed including the potential for cryo-preservation of the lenticule for later reimplantation(Mohamed-Noriega,Angunawela,Lim et al.),and a new procedure referred to as endokeratophakia in which a myopic SMILE lenticule is implanted into a hyperopic patient(Pradhan et al.).Finally,studies reporting microdistortions in Bowman’s layer and corneal wound healing responses are also describe展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that abnormal innervation is an important factor impacting occurrence and development of pathological pain in endometriosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe uterine innervation of adenomyosis mi...BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that abnormal innervation is an important factor impacting occurrence and development of pathological pain in endometriosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe uterine innervation of adenomyosis mice and to analyze the cause of innervation changes due to nerve growth factor （NGF） expression, inflammation, and vascularization. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and Central Laboratory of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March to December 2008. MATERIALS： Tamoxifen was provided by Fudan Forward, China. Rabbit anti-mouse NGF was purchased from Santa Cruz Corporation, USA; rabbit anti-protein gene product 9.5 （PGP9.5） and rabbit anti-substance P （SP） were purchased from Chemicon, USA. METHODS： A total of 40 newborn ICR mice were randomly assigned to adenomyosis model and control groups, with 20 animals in each group. Mice in the adenomyosis model group were orally administrated 2.7 μmol/kg tamoxifen on days 2-5 after birth, while the controls were not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Both uteri from all mice were harvested at days 135-145 after birth Expressions of polyclonal PGP9.5 and SP were immunohistochemically detected to demonstrate pan- and sensory nerve fibers. Microvessel density was quantified in the endometrium and myometrium using immunochemical staining for polyclonal rabbit anti-CD31, which stained vessels. Gene expression for NGF, high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor （trkA）, p75 neuretrophin receptor （p75NTR）, bradykinin receptor-1 （BKR-1）, and 2 （BKR-2）, as well as substance P receptor （neurokininl receptor, NK1-R）, were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. NGF-13 protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： More nerve fibers were stained with PGP9.5 in the endometrium and myometrium, and with SP in the endometrium, in adenomyosis mice compared with controls （P 〈 展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81200604)
文摘Objective： To investigate the electrical signals propagated along Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian （BL） in a rat model. Methods： The experiments were performed on Dark-Agouti （DA）, DA.lU and Sprague Dawley （SD） rats. The antidromic electrical stimulation was applied on the nerve innervating ＂Pishu＂ （BL 20） to mimic the acupoint electro-acupuncture （EA）. The activities recording from adjacent nerve innervating acupoint ＂Danshu＂ （BL 19） or ＂Weishu＂ （BL 21） were recorded as indics for acupoint, including the mechanical threshold and discharge rate. Results： After mimic EA on BL 20, C and A $ units from adjacent BL 19 or BL 21 were sensitized including the decrease in mechanical threshold and increase in discharge rates in DA, DA.1U and SD rats, especially in DA rats. The average discharge rate increased from 2.40± 0.26 to 6.06± 0.55 and from 1.92±0.42 to 6.17± 1.10 impulse/min （P〈0.01）, and the mechanical threshold decreased from 0.52 ± 0.12 to 0.24 ± 0.05 and from 0.27±0.02 to 0.16±0.01 mmol/L （P〈0.01） in C （n=15） and Aδ （n=18） units in DA rats. The net change in discharge rates from C units were 152.5%, 144.7% and 42.4% in DA, DA.1U and SD rats, respectively, among which DA rat＇s was the highest （P〈0.05）. In A δ units, the net change in DA rats were also the highest （221.5%, 139.2% and 49.2% in DA, DA.lU and SD rats）. Conclusions： These results showed that mimic acupoint EA activated adjacent acupoints along BL in three rat strains, which might be related to propagated sensation along meridians （PSM）. In addition, DA rats were more sensitive and might be a good model animal for PSM research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. C30100245 and National Basic Research 973 Program, No. 2005CB523308
文摘AIM： To investigate whether manual acupuncture at representative acupoints in different parts of the body can modulate responses of gastric motility in rats and regular effects in different acupoint stimulation. METHODS： The gastric motor activity of rats was recorded by the intrapyloric balloon. The changes of gastric motility induced by the stimulation were compared with the background activity in intragastric pressure and/or waves of gastric contraction recorded before any stimulation. Morphological study was also conducted by observing the Evans dye extravasation in the skin after mustard oil injection into the intragastric mucous membrane to certify cutaneous innervations of blue dots related to gastric segmental innervations. RESULTS： In all six rats that received mustard oil injections into intragastric mucosa, small blue dots appeared in the skin over the whole abdomen, but mainly in peri-midline upper- and middle- abdomen and middle-back, a few in thigh and groin. It may speculate that cutaneous innervations of blue dots have the same distribution as gastric segmental innervations. Acustimulation in acupoints of head-neck, four limbs, upper chest-dorsum and Iower-dorsum induced markedly augmentation of gastric motility （acupoints on headneck such as St-2： n = 16, 105.19 ± 1.36 vs 112.25 ± 2.02 and St-3： n = 14, 101.5 ± 1.75 vs 109.36 ± 1.8; acupoints on limbs such as Sp-6： n = 19, 100.74 ± 1.54 vs 110.26 ± 3.88; St-32： n = 17, 103.59 ± 1.64 vs 108.24 ± 2.41; St-36： n = 16, 104.81 ± 1.72 vs 110.81 ± 2.74 and U-11： n = 17, 106.47 ± 2.61 vs 114.77 ± 3.77, P 〈 0.05-0.001）. Vigorous inhibitory regulations of gastric motility induced by acu-stimulation applied in acupoints on whole abdomen and middle-dorsum were significantly different as compared with the controls before acu-stimulation （abdomen acupoints such as Cv-12： n = 11, 109.36 ± 2.09 vs 101 ± 2.21; Cv-6： n = 18, 104.39 ± 1.42 vs 91.83 ± 3.22 and St-21： n = 12, 107 ± 2.97 vs 98.58 ± 2.81; acupoints on m
基金Supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, Grant No. 16590139
文摘AIM： To clarify the innervation of human gallbladder,with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.METHODS： The liver, gallbladder and surrounding structures were immersed in a 10 mg/L solution of alizarin red S in ethanol to stain the peripheral nerves in cadavers （n = 10）. Innervation in the areas was completely dissected under a binocular microscope. Similarly,innervation in the same areas of 10 Suncus murinus （S. murinus） was examined employing whole mount immunohistochemistry.RESULTS： Innervation of the gallbladder occurred predominantly through two routes. One was from the anterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic arteries and duct. Invariably this route passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament. The other route was from the posterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic duct ventrally. This route also passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament dorsally.Similar results were obtained in S. murinus.CONCLUSION： The route from the anterior hepatic plexus via the cystic artery and/or duct is crucial for preserving gallbladder innervation. Lymph node dissection specifically in the hepatoduodenal ligament may affect the incidence of gallstones after gastrectomy.Furthermore, the route from the posterior hepatic plexus via the common bile duct and the cystic duct to the gallbladder should not be disregarded. Preservation of the plexus may attenuate the incidence of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.
文摘目的：用霍乱毒素亚单位B结合荧光素488和594（cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with A1exa Fluor488，594，CTB—Alexa488，594）双标记示踪技术揭示“京骨”和“大钟”穴在大鼠神经系统中的特异性联系，探讨原络配穴的神经解剖学基础。方法：用微量注射器将0．1％CTB-Alexa488和CTB-Alexa594两种示踪剂各5μL分别注入3只雄性SD大鼠后肢“京骨”和“大钟”穴区。72h后将动物灌流固定，取出脑、脊髓和脊神经节，并制成组织切片，然后直接用荧光显微镜系统观察和记录被标记的神经元。结果：在相应的激发光下，CTB-Alexa488和594标记的神经元分别呈绿色和红色，双重标记的神经元呈黄色，均位于示踪剂注入侧的相关神经组织中。在所标记到的神经元中，与“京骨”和“大钟”穴相关联的感觉神经元集中在L4～L5脊神经节，少量分布在L3和L5脊神经节，其中双标的感觉神经元主要出现在L4～L5脊神经节；与两穴相关联的运动神经元以L4～L5节段为中心呈柱状分布在L3～L6节段脊髓前角第Ⅸ层的后外侧部。结论：应用CTB-Alexa4gg和594荧光双标记示踪技术观察到了与原穴“京骨”和络穴“犬钟”相关的感觉和运动神经元在脊神经节和脊髓的分布规律。
文摘This review summarizes the current status of the small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)procedure.Following the early work by Sekundo et al.and Shah et al.,SMILE has become increasingly popular.The accuracy of the creation of the lenticule with the VisuMax femtosecond laser(Carl Zeiss Meditec)has been verified using very high-frequency(VHF)digital ultrasound and optical coherence tomography(OCT).Visual and refractive outcomes have been shown to be similar to those achieved with laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK),notably in a large population reported by Hjortdal,Vestergaard et al.Safety in terms of the change in corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)has also been shown to be similar to LASIK.It was expected that there would be less postoperative dry eye after SMILE compared to LASIK because the anterior stroma is disturbed only by the small incision,meaning that the anterior corneal nerves should be less affected.A number of studies have demonstrated a lower reduction and faster recovery of corneal sensation after SMILE than LASIK.Some studies have also used confocal microscopy to demonstrate a lower decrease in subbasal nerve fiber density after SMILE than LASIK.The potential biomechanical advantages of SMILE have been modeled by Reinstein et al.based on the non-linearity of tensile strength through the stroma.Studies have reported a similar change in Ocular Response Analyzer(Reichert)parameters after SMILE and LASIK,however,these have previously been shown to be unreliable as a representation of corneal biomechanics.Retreatment options after SMILE are discussed.Tissue addition applications of the SMILE procedure are also discussed including the potential for cryo-preservation of the lenticule for later reimplantation(Mohamed-Noriega,Angunawela,Lim et al.),and a new procedure referred to as endokeratophakia in which a myopic SMILE lenticule is implanted into a hyperopic patient(Pradhan et al.).Finally,studies reporting microdistortions in Bowman’s layer and corneal wound healing responses are also describe
基金the Construction Program of Shanghai Medical Intensive Subject (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), No. 05-111-0165
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that abnormal innervation is an important factor impacting occurrence and development of pathological pain in endometriosis. OBJECTIVE： To observe uterine innervation of adenomyosis mice and to analyze the cause of innervation changes due to nerve growth factor （NGF） expression, inflammation, and vascularization. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and Central Laboratory of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March to December 2008. MATERIALS： Tamoxifen was provided by Fudan Forward, China. Rabbit anti-mouse NGF was purchased from Santa Cruz Corporation, USA; rabbit anti-protein gene product 9.5 （PGP9.5） and rabbit anti-substance P （SP） were purchased from Chemicon, USA. METHODS： A total of 40 newborn ICR mice were randomly assigned to adenomyosis model and control groups, with 20 animals in each group. Mice in the adenomyosis model group were orally administrated 2.7 μmol/kg tamoxifen on days 2-5 after birth, while the controls were not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Both uteri from all mice were harvested at days 135-145 after birth Expressions of polyclonal PGP9.5 and SP were immunohistochemically detected to demonstrate pan- and sensory nerve fibers. Microvessel density was quantified in the endometrium and myometrium using immunochemical staining for polyclonal rabbit anti-CD31, which stained vessels. Gene expression for NGF, high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor （trkA）, p75 neuretrophin receptor （p75NTR）, bradykinin receptor-1 （BKR-1）, and 2 （BKR-2）, as well as substance P receptor （neurokininl receptor, NK1-R）, were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. NGF-13 protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： More nerve fibers were stained with PGP9.5 in the endometrium and myometrium, and with SP in the endometrium, in adenomyosis mice compared with controls （P 〈
