Recent success of knowledge graphs has spurred interest in applying them in open science,such as on intelligent survey systems for scientists.However,efforts to understand the quality of candidate survey questions pro...Recent success of knowledge graphs has spurred interest in applying them in open science,such as on intelligent survey systems for scientists.However,efforts to understand the quality of candidate survey questions provided by these methods have been limited.Indeed,existing methods do not consider the type of on-the-fly content planning that is possible for face-to-face surveys and hence do not guarantee that selection of subsequent questions is based on response to previous questions in a survey.To address this limitation,we propose a dynamic and informative solution for an intelligent survey system that is based on knowledge graphs.To illustrate our proposal,we look into social science surveys,focusing on ordering the questions of a questionnaire component by their level of acceptance,along with conditional triggers that further customise participants’experience.Our main findings are:(i)evaluation of the proposed approach shows that the dynamic component can be beneficial in terms of lowering the number of questions asked per variable,thus allowing more informative data to be collected in a survey of equivalent length;and(ii)a primary advantage of the proposed approach is that it enables grouping of participants according to their responses,so that participants are not only served appropriate follow-up questions,but their responses to these questions may be analysed in the context of some initial categorisation.We believe that the proposed approach can easily be applied to other social science surveys based on grouping definitions in their contexts.The knowledge-graph-based intelligent survey approach proposed in our work allows online questionnaires to approach face-to-face interaction in their level of informativity and responsiveness,as well as duplicating certain advantages of interview-based data collection.展开更多
Superoxlde dlsmutase （SOD） is ubiquitous in aerobic organisms and constitutes the first link In the enzyme scavenging system of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, species and organ diversity of SOD activ...Superoxlde dlsmutase （SOD） is ubiquitous in aerobic organisms and constitutes the first link In the enzyme scavenging system of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, species and organ diversity of SOD activity In a solution and In an in-gel assay system, as well as the effects of hydrogen peroxide （H202） on SOD activity, were Investigated. In a solution assay system, SOD activity of jackfruIt root, shoot, leaves, axes, and cotyledons, of maize embryos and endosperms, of mung bean leaves and seeds, of sacred lotus axes and cotyledons, and of rice and wheat leaves was Increased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. However, SOD activity In rice root and seeds, maize roots and leaves, mung bean roots and shoots, and wheat seeds was decreased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. The SOD activity of wheat root and soybean roots, leaves, axes, and cotyledons was Increased by 1-4 mmol/L H2O2, but was decreased by concentrations of H2O2 〉4 mmol/L. The SOD activity of soybean shoots was not affected by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. The SOD activity In crude mltochondrla of jackfruIt, maize, and upas seeds, as well as In purified mitochondria of jackfruIt, was also Increased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. In the In-gel assay system, the SOD In jackfruIt cotyledons was comprised of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD, the crude mltochondria of jackfruit seeds and maizes embryo was comprised of Mn-SOD and Cu/ Zn-SOD, and the crude mltochondria of maize seeds was comprised of Mn-SOD only. In the present study, H2O2 markedly Inhibited Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD activity.展开更多
为研究串联系统下多部件应力-强度模型的可靠性问题,基于Kumaraswamy分布,采用极大似然法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的极大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE);再利用Jeffreys准则构造无信息先验分布,运用马尔可夫链蒙特...为研究串联系统下多部件应力-强度模型的可靠性问题,基于Kumaraswamy分布,采用极大似然法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的极大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE);再利用Jeffreys准则构造无信息先验分布,运用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)方法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的贝叶斯估计;最后,利用逆矩估计方法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的逆矩估计(inverse moment estimation,IME)。数值模拟结果表明,在不同系统可靠度及不同样本量条件下,通过对3种估计方法的数值进行比较发现贝叶斯估计效果最好,IME优于MLE。该研究为探讨串联系统多部件应力-强度模型可靠性提供了一定的理论基础。展开更多
文摘Recent success of knowledge graphs has spurred interest in applying them in open science,such as on intelligent survey systems for scientists.However,efforts to understand the quality of candidate survey questions provided by these methods have been limited.Indeed,existing methods do not consider the type of on-the-fly content planning that is possible for face-to-face surveys and hence do not guarantee that selection of subsequent questions is based on response to previous questions in a survey.To address this limitation,we propose a dynamic and informative solution for an intelligent survey system that is based on knowledge graphs.To illustrate our proposal,we look into social science surveys,focusing on ordering the questions of a questionnaire component by their level of acceptance,along with conditional triggers that further customise participants’experience.Our main findings are:(i)evaluation of the proposed approach shows that the dynamic component can be beneficial in terms of lowering the number of questions asked per variable,thus allowing more informative data to be collected in a survey of equivalent length;and(ii)a primary advantage of the proposed approach is that it enables grouping of participants according to their responses,so that participants are not only served appropriate follow-up questions,but their responses to these questions may be analysed in the context of some initial categorisation.We believe that the proposed approach can easily be applied to other social science surveys based on grouping definitions in their contexts.The knowledge-graph-based intelligent survey approach proposed in our work allows online questionnaires to approach face-to-face interaction in their level of informativity and responsiveness,as well as duplicating certain advantages of interview-based data collection.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-SW-117)Hundreds Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan,China (2003C0068M)the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (2004DKA30430)
文摘Superoxlde dlsmutase （SOD） is ubiquitous in aerobic organisms and constitutes the first link In the enzyme scavenging system of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, species and organ diversity of SOD activity In a solution and In an in-gel assay system, as well as the effects of hydrogen peroxide （H202） on SOD activity, were Investigated. In a solution assay system, SOD activity of jackfruIt root, shoot, leaves, axes, and cotyledons, of maize embryos and endosperms, of mung bean leaves and seeds, of sacred lotus axes and cotyledons, and of rice and wheat leaves was Increased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. However, SOD activity In rice root and seeds, maize roots and leaves, mung bean roots and shoots, and wheat seeds was decreased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. The SOD activity of wheat root and soybean roots, leaves, axes, and cotyledons was Increased by 1-4 mmol/L H2O2, but was decreased by concentrations of H2O2 〉4 mmol/L. The SOD activity of soybean shoots was not affected by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. The SOD activity In crude mltochondrla of jackfruIt, maize, and upas seeds, as well as In purified mitochondria of jackfruIt, was also Increased by 1-15 mmol/L H2O2. In the In-gel assay system, the SOD In jackfruIt cotyledons was comprised of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD, the crude mltochondria of jackfruit seeds and maizes embryo was comprised of Mn-SOD and Cu/ Zn-SOD, and the crude mltochondria of maize seeds was comprised of Mn-SOD only. In the present study, H2O2 markedly Inhibited Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD activity.
文摘为研究串联系统下多部件应力-强度模型的可靠性问题,基于Kumaraswamy分布,采用极大似然法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的极大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE);再利用Jeffreys准则构造无信息先验分布,运用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)方法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的贝叶斯估计;最后,利用逆矩估计方法给出参数及应力-强度模型可靠度的逆矩估计(inverse moment estimation,IME)。数值模拟结果表明,在不同系统可靠度及不同样本量条件下,通过对3种估计方法的数值进行比较发现贝叶斯估计效果最好,IME优于MLE。该研究为探讨串联系统多部件应力-强度模型可靠性提供了一定的理论基础。
