Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that e...Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.展开更多
By combining geographic information system (GIS), a new conception of “group” in which covers the complex connected region is introduced in the paper. Based on the conception of group, a generalized Euler formula an...By combining geographic information system (GIS), a new conception of “group” in which covers the complex connected region is introduced in the paper. Based on the conception of group, a generalized Euler formula and its properties are deduced and proved. The paper also describes the mathematical principles of generating topological information of polygon in GIS maps and the methods for checking up the veracity of topological relations of the map with Euler formula and general Euler formula. We have also obtained the quantitative relations among real nodes, chains, islands and groups with the formulas. At the same time, the paper introduces Whole Sphere Stereographic (WSS) projection into the GIS, and defines a new conception of “sea”. The deduction of general Euler formula and the introduction of WSS projection to GIS have developed new ways of delineating GIS topological models from plane to sphere and even constructing three dimensional (3-D) topological models.展开更多
Shannon’s information measure is a crucial concept in Information Theory. And the research, for the mathematics structure of Shannon’s information measure, is to recognize the essence of information measure. The lin...Shannon’s information measure is a crucial concept in Information Theory. And the research, for the mathematics structure of Shannon’s information measure, is to recognize the essence of information measure. The linear relation between Shannon’s information measures and some signed measure space by using the formal symbols substitution rule is discussed. Furthermore, the coefficient matrix recurrent formula of the linear relation is obtained. Then the coefficient matrix is proved to be invertible via mathematical induction. This shows that the linear relation is one-to-one, and according to this, it can be concluded that a compact space can be generated from Shannon’s information measures.展开更多
文摘Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.
文摘By combining geographic information system (GIS), a new conception of “group” in which covers the complex connected region is introduced in the paper. Based on the conception of group, a generalized Euler formula and its properties are deduced and proved. The paper also describes the mathematical principles of generating topological information of polygon in GIS maps and the methods for checking up the veracity of topological relations of the map with Euler formula and general Euler formula. We have also obtained the quantitative relations among real nodes, chains, islands and groups with the formulas. At the same time, the paper introduces Whole Sphere Stereographic (WSS) projection into the GIS, and defines a new conception of “sea”. The deduction of general Euler formula and the introduction of WSS projection to GIS have developed new ways of delineating GIS topological models from plane to sphere and even constructing three dimensional (3-D) topological models.
基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department, Heilongjiang Province (Grant No.11513095)the Science andTechnology Foundation of Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology(Grant No.04 -25).
文摘Shannon’s information measure is a crucial concept in Information Theory. And the research, for the mathematics structure of Shannon’s information measure, is to recognize the essence of information measure. The linear relation between Shannon’s information measures and some signed measure space by using the formal symbols substitution rule is discussed. Furthermore, the coefficient matrix recurrent formula of the linear relation is obtained. Then the coefficient matrix is proved to be invertible via mathematical induction. This shows that the linear relation is one-to-one, and according to this, it can be concluded that a compact space can be generated from Shannon’s information measures.
