Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure （SCEP...Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure （SCEP）, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM-EDX） analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase？could be？most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.展开更多
Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve c...Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of Geological Survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.展开更多
Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products...Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products,such as slurry monoammonium phosphate(MAP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and so on.After more than 60 years of development,China’s ammonium phosphate fertilizer industry has experienced the road of from scratch and from weak to strong.The successful development of the slurry MAP technology ended the history that the high concentration phosphate fertilizer cannot be produced by using the medium and low grade phosphate ore.The continuous,stable and large-scale production of DAP plant provides sufficient guarantee for DAP products in China.The development of new ammonium phosphate fertilizer products,such as industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble APP,provides technical support for the transformation and upgrading of phosphorus chemical enterprises.In this paper,the production methods,the development history and the latest research progress of ammonium phosphate fertilizers were reviewed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Fundamental of China Projects(Nos.41072115 and 51174262)the project of the Science Foundation of Hebei(No.D2011402034)
文摘Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure （SCEP）, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM-EDX） analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase？could be？most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.
基金Geological Survey of India(Data collected as part of annual field programme of Geological Survey of India,Ministry of Mines,Government of India)。
文摘Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of Geological Survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.
文摘Ammonium phosphate fertilizer is the compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus that are usually produced through the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia.At present,there are a variety of products,such as slurry monoammonium phosphate(MAP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and so on.After more than 60 years of development,China’s ammonium phosphate fertilizer industry has experienced the road of from scratch and from weak to strong.The successful development of the slurry MAP technology ended the history that the high concentration phosphate fertilizer cannot be produced by using the medium and low grade phosphate ore.The continuous,stable and large-scale production of DAP plant provides sufficient guarantee for DAP products in China.The development of new ammonium phosphate fertilizer products,such as industrial grade MAP,water soluble MAP,water soluble APP,provides technical support for the transformation and upgrading of phosphorus chemical enterprises.In this paper,the production methods,the development history and the latest research progress of ammonium phosphate fertilizers were reviewed.
