以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差...以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差分析可知,秸秆还田配施化肥处理的整日地温变化幅度低于对照,且差异显著。此外随着土层深度的增加,秸秆还田配施化肥处理与对照间的差距逐渐减少,调温作用逐渐减弱。(2)秸秆还田配施化肥各处理能够增加根际土壤总细菌、放线菌、真菌、氨氧化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌、磷细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量,但普遍区组间差异不显著。除了秸秆还田配施低量NP处理(SNP1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2)以外,秸秆还田配施化肥各处理的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性均高于对照,但区组间均未达到显著差异。因此,秸秆还田配施化肥能合理调节土壤温度,显著提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,有利于土壤生态环境的改善,其中秸秆还田配施NPK处理(SNPK1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2+K2O 37.5 kg hm-2;SNPK2,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 225 kg hm-2+P2O5112.5 kg hm-2+K2O 56.3 kg hm-2)效果最为显著。展开更多
Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils afte...Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients,leading to erroneous estimation.The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments,and to evaluate the steady SP value(which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations.The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil,Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil,and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils,China.Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer(control;CK-F),chemical fertilizer(NPK-F),and combined chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM-F).The soils received either no fertilizer(F0) or chemical fertilizer(F1) for 3-6 cropping seasons in pots,which include CK-P(control;no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),NPK-P(chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),and NPKM-P(combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments).The yield data were used to calculate SP values.The initial SP values were high,but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils.The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P,NPK-P,and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7,44.1,and 50.0% in the paddy soil,34.2,38.1,and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil,with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils.However,further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons.The partial least squares 展开更多
文摘以单施秸秆为对照,研究秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥对土壤温度、土壤根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在水稻不同生育期,与对照相比秸秆还田配施化肥各处理在8:00和20:00均提高了土壤温度,而在14:00降低了土壤温度。从地温日较差分析可知,秸秆还田配施化肥处理的整日地温变化幅度低于对照,且差异显著。此外随着土层深度的增加,秸秆还田配施化肥处理与对照间的差距逐渐减少,调温作用逐渐减弱。(2)秸秆还田配施化肥各处理能够增加根际土壤总细菌、放线菌、真菌、氨氧化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌、磷细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量,但普遍区组间差异不显著。除了秸秆还田配施低量NP处理(SNP1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2)以外,秸秆还田配施化肥各处理的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性均高于对照,但区组间均未达到显著差异。因此,秸秆还田配施化肥能合理调节土壤温度,显著提高土壤微生物的数量与活性,有利于土壤生态环境的改善,其中秸秆还田配施NPK处理(SNPK1,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 150 kg hm-2+P2O575 kg hm-2+K2O 37.5 kg hm-2;SNPK2,秸秆3 000 kg hm-2+N 225 kg hm-2+P2O5112.5 kg hm-2+K2O 56.3 kg hm-2)效果最为显著。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300901 and 2016YFD0200101)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of China (161032019035 and 161032019020)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2011CB100501)
文摘Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients,leading to erroneous estimation.The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments,and to evaluate the steady SP value(which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations.The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil,Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil,and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils,China.Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer(control;CK-F),chemical fertilizer(NPK-F),and combined chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM-F).The soils received either no fertilizer(F0) or chemical fertilizer(F1) for 3-6 cropping seasons in pots,which include CK-P(control;no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),NPK-P(chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),and NPKM-P(combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments).The yield data were used to calculate SP values.The initial SP values were high,but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils.The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P,NPK-P,and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7,44.1,and 50.0% in the paddy soil,34.2,38.1,and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil,with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils.However,further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons.The partial least squares
