This study explained a procedure to synthesize 3 D hexagram gold nanoparticles using a specific morphologically controlled gold precursor reduction. Acetaldehyde acted as the reducing agent along with polyvinyl pyrrol...This study explained a procedure to synthesize 3 D hexagram gold nanoparticles using a specific morphologically controlled gold precursor reduction. Acetaldehyde acted as the reducing agent along with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the stabilizing agent with a limited reaction temperature range observed to be near to 25 °C. The resulting special gold nanoparticles were physically characterized and observed to possess an average planar size of 420 nm, an average central thickness of 200 nm, and an average edge thickness of 18 nm. Furthermore, a mechanism model was proposed to describe the oriented growth of gold nanoparticles employing published accounts of the mechanisms involved in the growth of gold hexagonal nanoplates. Moreover, the two major factors that controlled the morphology of synthesized gold nanoparticles were elaborated to provide reference for future fabrication methods of metal nanoparticles in both academia and industry.展开更多
This paper aims to examine the general issue of how reference is possible in philosophy of language through a case analysis of the ＂double reference＂ semantic-syntactic structure of ideographic hexagram （guaxiang ...This paper aims to examine the general issue of how reference is possible in philosophy of language through a case analysis of the ＂double reference＂ semantic-syntactic structure of ideographic hexagram （guaxiang 卦象） names in the Yijing text. I regard the case of the ＂hexagram＂ names as being quite representative of the ＂double-reference＂ semantic-syntactic structure of referring names. I thus explore how the general morals drawn from this account of ＂hexagram＂ names can engage two representative approaches, the Fregean and Kripkean ones, and contribute to our understanding and treatment of the issue of reference.展开更多
Hexagram shaped gold particles and their analogues enclosed by high index facets with kinks have been successfully synthesized by reducing HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid （AA） in the presence of poly（diallyldimethylammon...Hexagram shaped gold particles and their analogues enclosed by high index facets with kinks have been successfully synthesized by reducing HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid （AA） in the presence of poly（diallyldimethylammonium chloride） at room temperature. By using electron microscopy, the surfaces of the hexagram shaped Au particle were found to be {541} planes, which contain high-density steps and kinks. In addition, it was found that hexagonal shield-like and other kind of particles present in the product were analogues of the hexagram shaped Au particles structure, in that they had the same surface structure. In order to confirm the surface structure of all the prepared particles, surface structure sensitive underpotential deposition of Pb was carried out, and the cyclic voltammetric profile was in accordance with the proposed {541} surface. Finally, structure-property relationships of the Au hexagrams were experimentally analyzed by employing the electrocatalytic oxidation of AA as a probe reaction. The electrocatalytic reactions of gold cubes with low-index {100} facets and gold trioctahedra with {221} facets were studied as references. The experimental results showed that the hexagram shaped Au particles and their analogues with exposed {541} facets have the highest catalytic activity among the three kinds of gold particles, owing to the high density of kink atoms. This study should motivate us to further explore methods for the preparation of other well-defined polyhedral metal nanocrystals enclosed by high index surfaces.展开更多
The Ⅰ-Ching is one of the most significant texts in the literature of the world and embodies,as no other text does,the Chinese spirit and thought.Its perpetuation along millennia has exercised crucial influence on th...The Ⅰ-Ching is one of the most significant texts in the literature of the world and embodies,as no other text does,the Chinese spirit and thought.Its perpetuation along millennia has exercised crucial influence on the development of Chinese philosophy and medicine.The hypotheses of its abstractions compose a 'body of assumptions' that hierarchs concepts through a self-regulated process of reciprocal control,which allows the accurate prediction of specific sequences of events according to 'fields of similarities'.This peculiarity enables this system of knowledge to make possible predictions based upon the Natural Laws with incredible accuracy,which is effective to process expectations and arguments or to affirm or reject its judgments.A detailed analysis of two consecutive hexagrams (N 23 & N 24) allows the understanding not only of the bases that consolidate the 'Reconciliation vessel' but also of the specific determination of its function in the frame of Risk management that can be compared to present ISO standards.展开更多
文摘This study explained a procedure to synthesize 3 D hexagram gold nanoparticles using a specific morphologically controlled gold precursor reduction. Acetaldehyde acted as the reducing agent along with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the stabilizing agent with a limited reaction temperature range observed to be near to 25 °C. The resulting special gold nanoparticles were physically characterized and observed to possess an average planar size of 420 nm, an average central thickness of 200 nm, and an average edge thickness of 18 nm. Furthermore, a mechanism model was proposed to describe the oriented growth of gold nanoparticles employing published accounts of the mechanisms involved in the growth of gold hexagonal nanoplates. Moreover, the two major factors that controlled the morphology of synthesized gold nanoparticles were elaborated to provide reference for future fabrication methods of metal nanoparticles in both academia and industry.
文摘This paper aims to examine the general issue of how reference is possible in philosophy of language through a case analysis of the ＂double reference＂ semantic-syntactic structure of ideographic hexagram （guaxiang 卦象） names in the Yijing text. I regard the case of the ＂hexagram＂ names as being quite representative of the ＂double-reference＂ semantic-syntactic structure of referring names. I thus explore how the general morals drawn from this account of ＂hexagram＂ names can engage two representative approaches, the Fregean and Kripkean ones, and contribute to our understanding and treatment of the issue of reference.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 20725310, 21021061, and 21073145）, the National Basic Research Program of China （Grant No. 2007CB815303 and 2009CB939804） and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province Universities.
文摘Hexagram shaped gold particles and their analogues enclosed by high index facets with kinks have been successfully synthesized by reducing HAuCl4 with ascorbic acid （AA） in the presence of poly（diallyldimethylammonium chloride） at room temperature. By using electron microscopy, the surfaces of the hexagram shaped Au particle were found to be {541} planes, which contain high-density steps and kinks. In addition, it was found that hexagonal shield-like and other kind of particles present in the product were analogues of the hexagram shaped Au particles structure, in that they had the same surface structure. In order to confirm the surface structure of all the prepared particles, surface structure sensitive underpotential deposition of Pb was carried out, and the cyclic voltammetric profile was in accordance with the proposed {541} surface. Finally, structure-property relationships of the Au hexagrams were experimentally analyzed by employing the electrocatalytic oxidation of AA as a probe reaction. The electrocatalytic reactions of gold cubes with low-index {100} facets and gold trioctahedra with {221} facets were studied as references. The experimental results showed that the hexagram shaped Au particles and their analogues with exposed {541} facets have the highest catalytic activity among the three kinds of gold particles, owing to the high density of kink atoms. This study should motivate us to further explore methods for the preparation of other well-defined polyhedral metal nanocrystals enclosed by high index surfaces.
文摘The Ⅰ-Ching is one of the most significant texts in the literature of the world and embodies,as no other text does,the Chinese spirit and thought.Its perpetuation along millennia has exercised crucial influence on the development of Chinese philosophy and medicine.The hypotheses of its abstractions compose a 'body of assumptions' that hierarchs concepts through a self-regulated process of reciprocal control,which allows the accurate prediction of specific sequences of events according to 'fields of similarities'.This peculiarity enables this system of knowledge to make possible predictions based upon the Natural Laws with incredible accuracy,which is effective to process expectations and arguments or to affirm or reject its judgments.A detailed analysis of two consecutive hexagrams (N 23 & N 24) allows the understanding not only of the bases that consolidate the 'Reconciliation vessel' but also of the specific determination of its function in the frame of Risk management that can be compared to present ISO standards.
