The Hindu Kush-Pamir region(HKPR)is characterized by complex ongoing deformation,unique slab geometry,and intermediate seismic activity.The availability of extensive seismological data in recent decades has prompted t...The Hindu Kush-Pamir region(HKPR)is characterized by complex ongoing deformation,unique slab geometry,and intermediate seismic activity.The availability of extensive seismological data in recent decades has prompted the use of deep learning algorithms to extract valuable insights.In this study,we present a fully automated approach for augmenting earthquake catalogue within the HKPR.Our method leverages an attention mechanism-based deep learning architecture to simultaneously detect events,perform phase picking,and estimate magnitudes.We applied this model to a ten-month dataset(January 2013-October 2013)from 83 stations in the region.Utilizing a robust criterion to evaluate the model’s probabilities,we associated phases at different stations and pinpointed earthquake locations in the region.Our results demonstrate a significant enhancement,revealing nearly four and a half times more earthquakes than previously documented in the International Seismological Center(ISC)catalogue.A notable portion of these newly detected events falls within the category of very low-magnitude earthquakes(<3),which were absent in the ISC catalogue.Notably,our spatiotemporal analysis reveals a concentration of crustal seismicity along poorly mapped neotectonic north and northeast-oriented faults in the western Pamir,as well as the Vakhsh Thrust System and the Darvaz Karakul Fault.These findings underscore potential sources of future seismic hazards.Furthermore,our expanded earthquake catalogue facilitates a deeper understanding of the interplay between crustal and intermediate seismic activity in the HKPR,shedding light on the deformation and active faulting resulting from Eurasian-Indian plate interactions.展开更多
The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty was the one and only international opportunity that would have allowed demanding for Japan’s responsibility of the colonization of Korea.However,the United States did not demand of...The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty was the one and only international opportunity that would have allowed demanding for Japan’s responsibility of the colonization of Korea.However,the United States did not demand of such to be done.Soon,Korea and Japan resumed their diplomatic relationship and had their first summit in 1952.After numerous negotiations,finally in 1965,the“Korea-Japan Treaty”was agreed upon.Even in this treaty,the interpretation of the colonization was different for both countries and ultimately resulted as an unresolved issue.This is because of the Japanese dependence to the San Francisco Peace Treaty.On the other hand,the League of Nations,founded in 1920,believed that the systematization of international law was vital to keeping international peace.Therefore,they put much effort in and successfully carried out the codification of international law.The“Report on the law of Treaties”which was completed in 1935,noted that the“1905 Protectorate Treaty”,which was the ultimate treaty that led to Korea being annexed by the Japanese,was one of the three treaties that had no effective standing.This decision was carried out to the International Law Commission of the United Nations in 1963 and became a Resolution after being submitted to the General Assembly in the end of the same year.Using the decisions of the League of Nations and the United Nations as evidence,this paper critically reviews the San Francisco Peace Treaty’s lack of reviewing the Japanese responsibility of the colonization of Korea.展开更多
FW2022 Clothing Trend forecast METAMORPHOSIS Our sudden shift away from a steadfast reality has prompted us to become more open to a radically innovative mindset and has forced us to not just be accepting of change bu...FW2022 Clothing Trend forecast METAMORPHOSIS Our sudden shift away from a steadfast reality has prompted us to become more open to a radically innovative mindset and has forced us to not just be accepting of change but to be inspired by it. With previous boundaries shattered, our imaginations expand infinitely and know no bounds.展开更多
Since Green et al. applied optogalvanic effect to the study of laser spectroscopy, optogalvanic effect of quite a lot of elements has been investigated with pulse laser. In common hollow cathode discharge (HCD), elect...Since Green et al. applied optogalvanic effect to the study of laser spectroscopy, optogalvanic effect of quite a lot of elements has been investigated with pulse laser. In common hollow cathode discharge (HCD), electron-impact ionization rates of different energy levels are different. The change in the population between up-展开更多
S. A. Cook introduced in [1] the concept of p-t reducibility, and the deduced equivalent class is called the p-t degree which is partially ordered by the relation '≤' which is also deduced from the p-t reduci...S. A. Cook introduced in [1] the concept of p-t reducibility, and the deduced equivalent class is called the p-t degree which is partially ordered by the relation '≤' which is also deduced from the p-t reducibility. R. E. Ladner and K. Ambos-Spies have given a wide discussion on the structural properties of p-t degrees with '≤'. They proved that there展开更多
基金supported by Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology,under project grant no:SRG/2021/002244We would also like to thank IIT Roorkee for providing research facility and funds under project grant no:FIG/100840.
文摘The Hindu Kush-Pamir region(HKPR)is characterized by complex ongoing deformation,unique slab geometry,and intermediate seismic activity.The availability of extensive seismological data in recent decades has prompted the use of deep learning algorithms to extract valuable insights.In this study,we present a fully automated approach for augmenting earthquake catalogue within the HKPR.Our method leverages an attention mechanism-based deep learning architecture to simultaneously detect events,perform phase picking,and estimate magnitudes.We applied this model to a ten-month dataset(January 2013-October 2013)from 83 stations in the region.Utilizing a robust criterion to evaluate the model’s probabilities,we associated phases at different stations and pinpointed earthquake locations in the region.Our results demonstrate a significant enhancement,revealing nearly four and a half times more earthquakes than previously documented in the International Seismological Center(ISC)catalogue.A notable portion of these newly detected events falls within the category of very low-magnitude earthquakes(<3),which were absent in the ISC catalogue.Notably,our spatiotemporal analysis reveals a concentration of crustal seismicity along poorly mapped neotectonic north and northeast-oriented faults in the western Pamir,as well as the Vakhsh Thrust System and the Darvaz Karakul Fault.These findings underscore potential sources of future seismic hazards.Furthermore,our expanded earthquake catalogue facilitates a deeper understanding of the interplay between crustal and intermediate seismic activity in the HKPR,shedding light on the deformation and active faulting resulting from Eurasian-Indian plate interactions.
文摘The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty was the one and only international opportunity that would have allowed demanding for Japan’s responsibility of the colonization of Korea.However,the United States did not demand of such to be done.Soon,Korea and Japan resumed their diplomatic relationship and had their first summit in 1952.After numerous negotiations,finally in 1965,the“Korea-Japan Treaty”was agreed upon.Even in this treaty,the interpretation of the colonization was different for both countries and ultimately resulted as an unresolved issue.This is because of the Japanese dependence to the San Francisco Peace Treaty.On the other hand,the League of Nations,founded in 1920,believed that the systematization of international law was vital to keeping international peace.Therefore,they put much effort in and successfully carried out the codification of international law.The“Report on the law of Treaties”which was completed in 1935,noted that the“1905 Protectorate Treaty”,which was the ultimate treaty that led to Korea being annexed by the Japanese,was one of the three treaties that had no effective standing.This decision was carried out to the International Law Commission of the United Nations in 1963 and became a Resolution after being submitted to the General Assembly in the end of the same year.Using the decisions of the League of Nations and the United Nations as evidence,this paper critically reviews the San Francisco Peace Treaty’s lack of reviewing the Japanese responsibility of the colonization of Korea.
文摘FW2022 Clothing Trend forecast METAMORPHOSIS Our sudden shift away from a steadfast reality has prompted us to become more open to a radically innovative mindset and has forced us to not just be accepting of change but to be inspired by it. With previous boundaries shattered, our imaginations expand infinitely and know no bounds.
文摘Since Green et al. applied optogalvanic effect to the study of laser spectroscopy, optogalvanic effect of quite a lot of elements has been investigated with pulse laser. In common hollow cathode discharge (HCD), electron-impact ionization rates of different energy levels are different. The change in the population between up-
文摘S. A. Cook introduced in [1] the concept of p-t reducibility, and the deduced equivalent class is called the p-t degree which is partially ordered by the relation '≤' which is also deduced from the p-t reducibility. R. E. Ladner and K. Ambos-Spies have given a wide discussion on the structural properties of p-t degrees with '≤'. They proved that there
