The methods and strategies used to screen for syp-hilis and to confirm initially reactive results can vary significantly across clinical laboratories. While the performance characteristics of these different appro-ach...The methods and strategies used to screen for syp-hilis and to confirm initially reactive results can vary significantly across clinical laboratories. While the performance characteristics of these different appro-aches have been evaluated by multiple studies, there is not, as of yet, a single, universally recommendedalgorithm for syphilis testing. To clarify the currently available options for syphilis testing, this update will summarize the clinical challenges to diagnosis, review the specific performance characteristics of treponemal and non-treponemal tests, and fnally, summarize select studies published over the past decade which have evaluated these approaches. Specifcally, this review will discuss the traditional and reverse sequence syphilis screening algorithms commonly used in the United States, alongside a discussion of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control syphilis algorithm. Ultimately, in the United States, the decision of which algorithm to use is largely dependent on laboratory resources, the local incidence of syphilis and patient demographics. Key words： Syphilis; Treponemal infection; Immuno-assay; Reverse sequence screening; Rapid plasma regain; Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test; Automation; Algorithm; Primary infection; Late latent infection展开更多
A simple and non-invasive method for detecting endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding is required. For this purpose, we prepared immuno-magnetic beads conjugated with anti-human EpCAM rat monoclona...A simple and non-invasive method for detecting endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding is required. For this purpose, we prepared immuno-magnetic beads conjugated with anti-human EpCAM rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) for isolating exfoliated endometrial cells including endometrial cancer cells in vaginal discharge. The affinities of the anti-human EpCAM rat mAbs were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry and then magnetic beads were conjugated with the mAbs. The rate of retrieval of endometrial cells using the immuno-magnetic beads was calculated. Endometrial cells were isolated using the immuno-magnetic beads from the vaginal discharges of 22 patients with endometrial cancer and 16 non-malignant controls. The isolated cells were stained using endometrial cancer specific-mAbs and analyzed by flow cytometry and imaging cytometry. The immuno-magnetic beads conjugated with high-affinity mAb (clone 1456) appeared to have very low auto-fluorescence. Sufficient enrichment of Ep-CAMpositive cells using immuno-magnetic beads was observed in both simulation and clinical samples. The overall sensitivities of flow cytometry and imaging cytometry to detect endometrial cancer cells were 72.7% and 45.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the overall specificities of flow cytometry and imaging cytometry for healthy controls were 75.0% and 81.3%, respectively. Our immuno-magnetic beads have very low auto-fluorescence, so they could be useful for fluorescent analysis, such as fluorescent immunochemical staining. In the future, these novel immuno-magnetic beads could be used for cytological study.展开更多
文摘The methods and strategies used to screen for syp-hilis and to confirm initially reactive results can vary significantly across clinical laboratories. While the performance characteristics of these different appro-aches have been evaluated by multiple studies, there is not, as of yet, a single, universally recommendedalgorithm for syphilis testing. To clarify the currently available options for syphilis testing, this update will summarize the clinical challenges to diagnosis, review the specific performance characteristics of treponemal and non-treponemal tests, and fnally, summarize select studies published over the past decade which have evaluated these approaches. Specifcally, this review will discuss the traditional and reverse sequence syphilis screening algorithms commonly used in the United States, alongside a discussion of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control syphilis algorithm. Ultimately, in the United States, the decision of which algorithm to use is largely dependent on laboratory resources, the local incidence of syphilis and patient demographics. Key words： Syphilis; Treponemal infection; Immuno-assay; Reverse sequence screening; Rapid plasma regain; Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test; Automation; Algorithm; Primary infection; Late latent infection
文摘A simple and non-invasive method for detecting endometrial cancer in women with abnormal uterine bleeding is required. For this purpose, we prepared immuno-magnetic beads conjugated with anti-human EpCAM rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) for isolating exfoliated endometrial cells including endometrial cancer cells in vaginal discharge. The affinities of the anti-human EpCAM rat mAbs were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry and then magnetic beads were conjugated with the mAbs. The rate of retrieval of endometrial cells using the immuno-magnetic beads was calculated. Endometrial cells were isolated using the immuno-magnetic beads from the vaginal discharges of 22 patients with endometrial cancer and 16 non-malignant controls. The isolated cells were stained using endometrial cancer specific-mAbs and analyzed by flow cytometry and imaging cytometry. The immuno-magnetic beads conjugated with high-affinity mAb (clone 1456) appeared to have very low auto-fluorescence. Sufficient enrichment of Ep-CAMpositive cells using immuno-magnetic beads was observed in both simulation and clinical samples. The overall sensitivities of flow cytometry and imaging cytometry to detect endometrial cancer cells were 72.7% and 45.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the overall specificities of flow cytometry and imaging cytometry for healthy controls were 75.0% and 81.3%, respectively. Our immuno-magnetic beads have very low auto-fluorescence, so they could be useful for fluorescent analysis, such as fluorescent immunochemical staining. In the future, these novel immuno-magnetic beads could be used for cytological study.
