Objective To review the implementation of mass vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and its critical role in prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in China.Data sources The data were mainly from PubMed, China Hospit...Objective To review the implementation of mass vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and its critical role in prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in China.Data sources The data were mainly from PubMed, China Hospital Knowledge Database, and other popular Chinese journals published from 1980 to 2008. The search term was ＂hepatitis B vaccine＂.Study selection Original studies conducted in China and critical reviews authored by principal investigators in the field of hepatology in China were selected.Results Chinese investigators started to develop hepatitis B vaccine in late 1970s. The first home-made plasma-derived vaccine became available in 1986, which has been completely replaced by the domestically produced recombinant （yeast or Chinese hamster ovary cell） vaccine since 2001. China health authority recommended vaccinating all infants in 1992. From then on, China has put tremendous efforts in implementation of mass vaccination. The overall coverage of hepatitis B vaccine in infants has increased steadily and reached more than 95.0% in urban and 83.0%-97.0% in rural areas. The chronic HBV carrier rate in children 〈10 years of age decreased from 10.0% before the mass vaccination to 1.0%-2.0% in 2006, and that in general population decreased from 10.0% to 7.2%; overall, the nationwide mass hepatitis B vaccination has reduced more than 30 million of chronic HBV infections and HBV related severe sequlae.Conclusion The Chinese successful experience in control of hepatitis B by mass vaccination offers an example for any unindustrialized country whoever is committed to control this disease.展开更多
目的分析中国（未包括中国香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）2014年第二类疫苗接种情况。方法从中国免疫规划信息管理系统（National Immunization Program Information System,NIPIS）提取2014年1~12月全国各乡级单位每月报告的...目的分析中国（未包括中国香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）2014年第二类疫苗接种情况。方法从中国免疫规划信息管理系统（National Immunization Program Information System,NIPIS）提取2014年1~12月全国各乡级单位每月报告的第二类疫苗接种数据,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014年全国31个省份和新疆生产建设兵团报告了第二类疫苗接种情况,县、乡级单位报告完整率分别为96.83%、92.91%。全国报告接种第二类疫苗共36种、106 152 021剂;平均接种剂次为783.31剂/万人,以上海最多、辽宁最少,分别为3 149.04剂/万人、165.98剂/万人。全年接种剂次数最多的3种疫苗为狂犬病疫苗（19 441 464剂）、b型流感嗜血杆菌多糖结合疫苗（Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine,Hib）（15 664 838剂）、流感疫苗（12 856 091剂）。19个省份使用第二类疫苗34~36种。在儿童常用的第二类疫苗中,Hib每百名出生儿童接种剂次达到95剂;脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗每百名出生儿童接种剂次较2013年上升67%。结论 2014年全国第二类疫苗使用的数量和品种均有较大幅度增长。NIPIS在第二类疫苗报告的完整性上有较大提高,但仍需进一步加强对监测数据的开发利用。展开更多
According to the traditional immunization procedure, after the first injection of the sample A (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's complete adjuvant) to immunize rabbit, successive injections of the sample B (...According to the traditional immunization procedure, after the first injection of the sample A (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's complete adjuvant) to immunize rabbit, successive injections of the sample B (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant) were followed every 2-4 weeks. In general,high titer of the corresponding polyclonal antisera will be observed after 4-5 injections of sample B in 3-4months. This report presents a simply modified procedure that was able to stimulate the antisera formation in one month and achieve enough avidity to satisfy either Western blot or immunohistochemistry analysis.It just applied an additional injection of the sample A to the rabbit at the 3rd day after the primary immunization injection. You could gain the high titer of the antisera right after the first sample B injection in one month. This method has produced the desired results in three different recombinant antigens with different molecular weight (5.9 KD-55 KD) expressed from prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.展开更多
目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria Teta-nus and Acellular Pertusis Combined Vaccine,Absorbed;DTaP)和吸附全细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria,Tetanus and Whole-cell Pe...目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria Teta-nus and Acellular Pertusis Combined Vaccine,Absorbed;DTaP)和吸附全细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria,Tetanus and Whole-cell Pertusis Combined Vaccine,Absorbed;DTwP)上市后预防接种的安全性。方法通过全国疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)监测系统,收集10个试点省2005～2006年DTaP和DTwP严重不良反应监测数据,采用描述性方法对两种疫苗不良反应的发生特征进行比较分析。结果中国DTaP和DTwP上市后,严重不良反应总发生率分别为3.5/10万剂和3.3/10万剂;DTaP以过敏反应为主,且第4剂反应危险性高;DTwP以无菌脓肿为主,高危险性反应剂次因反应的临床损害不同而异;部分疫苗品种和批号的反应存在聚集性,DTwP聚集性反应危险高于DTaP。结论DTaP和DTwP上市后均具有较好的预防接种安全性;聚集性分析显示,DTaP安全性优于DTwP;需进一步加强对每批DTaP或DTwP上市前的质量控制。展开更多
基金This study was supported by the grants from the Principal Fellow from Jiangsu Province Department of Health, China （No. RC2007005, to Zhou YH）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570063, to Zhuang H）, the 863 National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2006A A02Z453, to Zhuang H） and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province （No. 0728008, to Zhuang H）.
文摘Objective To review the implementation of mass vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and its critical role in prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in China.Data sources The data were mainly from PubMed, China Hospital Knowledge Database, and other popular Chinese journals published from 1980 to 2008. The search term was ＂hepatitis B vaccine＂.Study selection Original studies conducted in China and critical reviews authored by principal investigators in the field of hepatology in China were selected.Results Chinese investigators started to develop hepatitis B vaccine in late 1970s. The first home-made plasma-derived vaccine became available in 1986, which has been completely replaced by the domestically produced recombinant （yeast or Chinese hamster ovary cell） vaccine since 2001. China health authority recommended vaccinating all infants in 1992. From then on, China has put tremendous efforts in implementation of mass vaccination. The overall coverage of hepatitis B vaccine in infants has increased steadily and reached more than 95.0% in urban and 83.0%-97.0% in rural areas. The chronic HBV carrier rate in children 〈10 years of age decreased from 10.0% before the mass vaccination to 1.0%-2.0% in 2006, and that in general population decreased from 10.0% to 7.2%; overall, the nationwide mass hepatitis B vaccination has reduced more than 30 million of chronic HBV infections and HBV related severe sequlae.Conclusion The Chinese successful experience in control of hepatitis B by mass vaccination offers an example for any unindustrialized country whoever is committed to control this disease.
基金We would like to thank Peifang Ping,BaozhenPeng and Dr.Xinxiu Yang for their helps in im-munization and ELISA.This work was funded bythe National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,No.39893320,the"973"Basic Research FundingScheme of China(G 199905590
文摘According to the traditional immunization procedure, after the first injection of the sample A (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's complete adjuvant) to immunize rabbit, successive injections of the sample B (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant) were followed every 2-4 weeks. In general,high titer of the corresponding polyclonal antisera will be observed after 4-5 injections of sample B in 3-4months. This report presents a simply modified procedure that was able to stimulate the antisera formation in one month and achieve enough avidity to satisfy either Western blot or immunohistochemistry analysis.It just applied an additional injection of the sample A to the rabbit at the 3rd day after the primary immunization injection. You could gain the high titer of the antisera right after the first sample B injection in one month. This method has produced the desired results in three different recombinant antigens with different molecular weight (5.9 KD-55 KD) expressed from prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
文摘目的评价中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria Teta-nus and Acellular Pertusis Combined Vaccine,Absorbed;DTaP)和吸附全细胞百白破联合疫苗(Diphtheria,Tetanus and Whole-cell Pertusis Combined Vaccine,Absorbed;DTwP)上市后预防接种的安全性。方法通过全国疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)监测系统,收集10个试点省2005～2006年DTaP和DTwP严重不良反应监测数据,采用描述性方法对两种疫苗不良反应的发生特征进行比较分析。结果中国DTaP和DTwP上市后,严重不良反应总发生率分别为3.5/10万剂和3.3/10万剂;DTaP以过敏反应为主,且第4剂反应危险性高;DTwP以无菌脓肿为主,高危险性反应剂次因反应的临床损害不同而异;部分疫苗品种和批号的反应存在聚集性,DTwP聚集性反应危险高于DTaP。结论DTaP和DTwP上市后均具有较好的预防接种安全性;聚集性分析显示,DTaP安全性优于DTwP;需进一步加强对每批DTaP或DTwP上市前的质量控制。
