Typical formulated broiler diets are deficient in n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) due to widening n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio which could greatly affect performance,immune system of birds and,more importantly,meat quali...Typical formulated broiler diets are deficient in n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) due to widening n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio which could greatly affect performance,immune system of birds and,more importantly,meat quality.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of modifying dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio from plant and animal oil sources on performance,behavior,cytokine m RNA expression,antioxidative status and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens.Birds(n=420) were fed 7 diets enriched with different dietary oil sources and ratios as follows: sunflower oil in control diet(C); fish oil(FO); 1:1 ratio of sunflower oil to FO(C1 FO1); 3:1 ratio of sunflower oil to fish oil(C3 FO1); linseed oil(LO); 1:1 ratio of sunflower oil to linseed oil(C1 LO1); 3:1 ratio of sunflower oil to linseed oil(C3 LO1),resulting in dietary n-6:n-3 ratios of approximately 40:1,1.5:1,4:1,8:1,1:1,2.5:1 and 5:1,respectively.The best final body weight,feed conversion ratio as well as protein efficiency ratio of broilers were recorded in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Compared with the control group,the dressing percentage and breast and thigh yield were highest in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Narrowing the dietary n-6:n-3 ratio increased(P < 0.05) n-3 PUFA content of breast meat.Moreover,the breast meat contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased(P < 0.05) with increasing dietary FO whereas a-linolenic acid content was higher with LO supplementation.Also,enriching the diets with n-3 PUFA from FO and LO clearly decreased(P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol,triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins and enhanced antioxidative status.The feeding frequency was decreased(P < 0.05) in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Likewise,n-3 PUFA-enriched diets enhanced the frequency of preening,wing flapping and flightiness.Animal oil source addition,compared to plant oil,to broiler diets enhanced the relative m RNA expression of interferon gamma,interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 genes,especially at low n-6:n-3 r展开更多
目的分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)194个成员国的b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)疫苗接种现况,为优化调整我国Hib疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。方法收集WHO六大区域内194个成员国的Hib疫苗免疫...目的分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)194个成员国的b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)疫苗接种现况,为优化调整我国Hib疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。方法收集WHO六大区域内194个成员国的Hib疫苗免疫程序、疫苗类型及不同免疫规划目标人群接种率等公开数据,并进行描述性分析。结果在194个WHO成员国中,除了中国,有193个国家至少将1种Hib疫苗纳入国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP),有25个国家将Hib疫苗纳入高危人群免疫规划。纳入NIP的Hib疫苗种类有7种,其中纳入免疫规划最多的2款疫苗分别是白喉-破伤风-全细胞百日咳-b型嗜血流感杆菌-乙肝联合疫苗(122个国家)和白喉-破伤风-无细胞百日咳-b型嗜血流感杆菌-乙肝-灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(52个国家)。有136个国家实施3剂次免疫程序,57个国家实施4剂次免疫程序,3个国家实施5剂次免疫程序,其中57个国家实施6、10、14周龄免疫程序,占29.53%(57/193),32个国家实施2、4、6月龄免疫程序,占16.58%(32/193),18个国家实施2、4、6、18月龄免疫程序,占9.33%(18/193),12个国家实施2、3、4月龄免疫程序,占6.22%(12/193)。以上4种免疫程序占全球实施不同免疫程序国家的73.58%(142/193)。除西太平洋地区外,截至2022年,其他区域Hib疫苗接种率都维持在70%以上,其中东南亚区和欧洲区Hib疫苗接种率在90%以上。结论应充分考虑我国Hib相关疾病的负担、抗生素耐药性、目前国内Hib疫苗接种率、成本效益等情况,加快评估Hib疫苗纳入我国NIP的进程。展开更多
文摘Typical formulated broiler diets are deficient in n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) due to widening n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio which could greatly affect performance,immune system of birds and,more importantly,meat quality.This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of modifying dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio from plant and animal oil sources on performance,behavior,cytokine m RNA expression,antioxidative status and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens.Birds(n=420) were fed 7 diets enriched with different dietary oil sources and ratios as follows: sunflower oil in control diet(C); fish oil(FO); 1:1 ratio of sunflower oil to FO(C1 FO1); 3:1 ratio of sunflower oil to fish oil(C3 FO1); linseed oil(LO); 1:1 ratio of sunflower oil to linseed oil(C1 LO1); 3:1 ratio of sunflower oil to linseed oil(C3 LO1),resulting in dietary n-6:n-3 ratios of approximately 40:1,1.5:1,4:1,8:1,1:1,2.5:1 and 5:1,respectively.The best final body weight,feed conversion ratio as well as protein efficiency ratio of broilers were recorded in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Compared with the control group,the dressing percentage and breast and thigh yield were highest in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Narrowing the dietary n-6:n-3 ratio increased(P < 0.05) n-3 PUFA content of breast meat.Moreover,the breast meat contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased(P < 0.05) with increasing dietary FO whereas a-linolenic acid content was higher with LO supplementation.Also,enriching the diets with n-3 PUFA from FO and LO clearly decreased(P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol,triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins and enhanced antioxidative status.The feeding frequency was decreased(P < 0.05) in the C1 FO1 and C1 LO1 groups.Likewise,n-3 PUFA-enriched diets enhanced the frequency of preening,wing flapping and flightiness.Animal oil source addition,compared to plant oil,to broiler diets enhanced the relative m RNA expression of interferon gamma,interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 genes,especially at low n-6:n-3 r
文摘目的分析世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)194个成员国的b型流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae type b,Hib)疫苗接种现况,为优化调整我国Hib疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。方法收集WHO六大区域内194个成员国的Hib疫苗免疫程序、疫苗类型及不同免疫规划目标人群接种率等公开数据,并进行描述性分析。结果在194个WHO成员国中,除了中国,有193个国家至少将1种Hib疫苗纳入国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP),有25个国家将Hib疫苗纳入高危人群免疫规划。纳入NIP的Hib疫苗种类有7种,其中纳入免疫规划最多的2款疫苗分别是白喉-破伤风-全细胞百日咳-b型嗜血流感杆菌-乙肝联合疫苗(122个国家)和白喉-破伤风-无细胞百日咳-b型嗜血流感杆菌-乙肝-灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(52个国家)。有136个国家实施3剂次免疫程序,57个国家实施4剂次免疫程序,3个国家实施5剂次免疫程序,其中57个国家实施6、10、14周龄免疫程序,占29.53%(57/193),32个国家实施2、4、6月龄免疫程序,占16.58%(32/193),18个国家实施2、4、6、18月龄免疫程序,占9.33%(18/193),12个国家实施2、3、4月龄免疫程序,占6.22%(12/193)。以上4种免疫程序占全球实施不同免疫程序国家的73.58%(142/193)。除西太平洋地区外,截至2022年,其他区域Hib疫苗接种率都维持在70%以上,其中东南亚区和欧洲区Hib疫苗接种率在90%以上。结论应充分考虑我国Hib相关疾病的负担、抗生素耐药性、目前国内Hib疫苗接种率、成本效益等情况,加快评估Hib疫苗纳入我国NIP的进程。
