Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide.However,its prevalence varies among different geographic areas,and is influenced by several factor...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide.However,its prevalence varies among different geographic areas,and is influenced by several factors.The infection can be acquired by means of oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission,and the pathogen possesses various mechanisms that improve its capacity of mobility,adherence and manipulation of the gastric microenvironment,making possible the colonization of an organ with a highly acidic lumen.In addition,H.pylori presents a large variety of virulence factors that improve its pathogenicity,of which we highlight cytotoxin associated antigen A,vacuolating cytotoxin,duodenal ulcer promoting gene A protein,outer inflammatory protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.The host immune system,mainly by means of a Th1-polarized response,also plays a crucial role in the infection course.Although most H.pylori-positive individuals remain asymptomatic,the infection predisposes the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers,gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods,each of them with their related advantages and limitations,have been applied in H.pylori detection.Moreover,bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of this infection,and new therapy alternatives are being tested to improve H.pylori eradication.Last but not least,the development of effective vaccines against H.pylori infection have been the aim of several research studies.展开更多
Background： Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostfidium perffingens infection leads to serious economic losses in the global poultry production. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of essential ...Background： Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostfidium perffingens infection leads to serious economic losses in the global poultry production. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of essential oils （EO, which contained 25 % thymol and 25 % carvacrol as active components） supplementation on growth performance, gut lesions, intestinal morphology, and immune responses of the broiler chickens infected with C. perfringens. A total of 448 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated into eight treatment groups following a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with four dietary EO dosages （0, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg） and two infection status （with or without C. perfringens challenge from d 14 to 20）. Results： The challenge did not impair the growth performance of birds, but induced gut lesions and increased crypt depth in the ileum （P ≤ 0.05）. It also down-regulated the claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression （P ≤0.05）, up-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-113 （P≤ 0.05）, tended to increase the toll-like receptor （TLR） 2 mRNA expression （P 〈 0.10） in the ileum, and enhanced the mucosal secretory IgA production （P 〈 0.05）. In the challenged birds, dietary EO supplementation linearly alleviated the gut lesions and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth （P ≤0.05）, and the supplementation of 120 and 240 mg/kg EO increased the serum antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus （P≤ 0.05）. Regardless of challenge, the EO supplementation showed a tendency to linearly elevate the feed conversion efficiency between 14 and 28 d of age as well as the occludin mRNA expression （P〈 0.10）, and linearly inhibited the mRNA expression of TLR2 and tumor necrotic factor-o in the ileum （P≤ 0.05）. Conclusions： The dietary supplementation of EO could alleviate the intestinal injury by improving intestinal integrity and modulating immune responses in the C. perffingens-challenged broiler chickens.展开更多
Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varyin...Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 展开更多
目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提R...目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提RNA,质控芯片(Test3芯片)对样本质量进行检测,然后与Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0芯片进行杂交,通过扫描和软件分析,比较冠心病血瘀证组、非冠心病血瘀证组与健康对照组的基因表达谱,筛选血瘀证相关差异基因,并进一步进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和通路分析,使用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法对目标基因进行验证。结果:通过差异基因筛选,与血瘀证相关的差异基因共有48个,其中上调基因26个,下调基因22个;通过GO分析,其中与炎症免疫相关的基因有5个,占10.4%;通路分析结果显示,有意义的10条通路中有5个涉及炎症和免疫反应。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证了基因芯片准确可靠。结论:血瘀证基因表达谱研究显示了炎症和免疫相关基因的比例和显著性优势,说明炎症和免疫反应在一定程度上介导了血瘀证的发生发展。展开更多
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide.However,its prevalence varies among different geographic areas,and is influenced by several factors.The infection can be acquired by means of oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission,and the pathogen possesses various mechanisms that improve its capacity of mobility,adherence and manipulation of the gastric microenvironment,making possible the colonization of an organ with a highly acidic lumen.In addition,H.pylori presents a large variety of virulence factors that improve its pathogenicity,of which we highlight cytotoxin associated antigen A,vacuolating cytotoxin,duodenal ulcer promoting gene A protein,outer inflammatory protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.The host immune system,mainly by means of a Th1-polarized response,also plays a crucial role in the infection course.Although most H.pylori-positive individuals remain asymptomatic,the infection predisposes the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers,gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods,each of them with their related advantages and limitations,have been applied in H.pylori detection.Moreover,bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of this infection,and new therapy alternatives are being tested to improve H.pylori eradication.Last but not least,the development of effective vaccines against H.pylori infection have been the aim of several research studies.
基金supported by Novus International Company (Missouri, USA)the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research Systems (CARS-42)
文摘Background： Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostfidium perffingens infection leads to serious economic losses in the global poultry production. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of essential oils （EO, which contained 25 % thymol and 25 % carvacrol as active components） supplementation on growth performance, gut lesions, intestinal morphology, and immune responses of the broiler chickens infected with C. perfringens. A total of 448 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated into eight treatment groups following a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement with four dietary EO dosages （0, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg） and two infection status （with or without C. perfringens challenge from d 14 to 20）. Results： The challenge did not impair the growth performance of birds, but induced gut lesions and increased crypt depth in the ileum （P ≤ 0.05）. It also down-regulated the claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression （P ≤0.05）, up-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-113 （P≤ 0.05）, tended to increase the toll-like receptor （TLR） 2 mRNA expression （P 〈 0.10） in the ileum, and enhanced the mucosal secretory IgA production （P 〈 0.05）. In the challenged birds, dietary EO supplementation linearly alleviated the gut lesions and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth （P ≤0.05）, and the supplementation of 120 and 240 mg/kg EO increased the serum antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus （P≤ 0.05）. Regardless of challenge, the EO supplementation showed a tendency to linearly elevate the feed conversion efficiency between 14 and 28 d of age as well as the occludin mRNA expression （P〈 0.10）, and linearly inhibited the mRNA expression of TLR2 and tumor necrotic factor-o in the ileum （P≤ 0.05）. Conclusions： The dietary supplementation of EO could alleviate the intestinal injury by improving intestinal integrity and modulating immune responses in the C. perffingens-challenged broiler chickens.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C14031)Innovative Research Team Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2011R50025)
文摘Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at
文摘目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提RNA,质控芯片(Test3芯片)对样本质量进行检测,然后与Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0芯片进行杂交,通过扫描和软件分析,比较冠心病血瘀证组、非冠心病血瘀证组与健康对照组的基因表达谱,筛选血瘀证相关差异基因,并进一步进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和通路分析,使用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法对目标基因进行验证。结果:通过差异基因筛选,与血瘀证相关的差异基因共有48个,其中上调基因26个,下调基因22个;通过GO分析,其中与炎症免疫相关的基因有5个,占10.4%;通路分析结果显示,有意义的10条通路中有5个涉及炎症和免疫反应。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证了基因芯片准确可靠。结论:血瘀证基因表达谱研究显示了炎症和免疫相关基因的比例和显著性优势,说明炎症和免疫反应在一定程度上介导了血瘀证的发生发展。
