Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%.In recent years,several applications of artificial intelligence(AI)have emerged in t...Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%.In recent years,several applications of artificial intelligence(AI)have emerged in the gastric cancer field based on its efficient computational power and learning capacities,such as imagebased diagnosis and prognosis prediction.AI-assisted diagnosis includes pathology,endoscopy,and computerized tomography,while researchers in the prognosis circle focus on recurrence,metastasis,and survival prediction.In this review,a comprehensive literature search was performed on articles published up to April 2020 from the databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.Thereby the current status of AI-applications was systematically summarized in gastric cancer.Moreover,future directions that target this field were also analyzed to overcome the risk of overfitting AI models and enhance their accuracy as well as the applicability in clinical practice.展开更多
The assessment of the percentage of spermatozoa having an ＇ideal＇ morphology using so-called strict method is the method recommended in the latest edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） laboratory manual f...The assessment of the percentage of spermatozoa having an ＇ideal＇ morphology using so-called strict method is the method recommended in the latest edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） laboratory manual for semen analysis. This recommendation is a result of the statistical association between ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology and fertility, and of the current general belief that sperm morphology assessment should be used primarily as a fertility tool. The notion of an ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology has persisted despite the very low percentage of such spermatozoa in the semen of fertile men, a subject of intense controversy. The detailed categorization of each abnormal spermatozoon has thus, for a long time, been considered optional and partially redundant, an idea which is reflected in the earlier editions of the WHO manual. However, several recent studies have shown the importance of carefully assessing abnormal sperm morphology for use in the diagnosis ＆infertility, to determine fertility prognosis, and for basic or public health studies. One approach, which combines videomicroscopy and computer vision, and is the only approach able to assess the continuum of sperm biometrics, has been used successfully in several recent clinical, basic and toxicology studies. In summary, the visual assessment of detailed sperm morphology--including the categorization of anomalies allowing arithmetically derived indices of teratozoospermia--and the more modern computer-based approaches, although often considered to be redundant, are in fact complementary. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on the field of investigation （clinical, research, toxicology） and the problem being addressed. Each approach has advantages as well as certain limitations, which will be discussed briefly herein.展开更多
囊腔型肺癌(lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces,LCCA)是一种影像学上表现为肿瘤内或边缘存在囊性空腔的肺癌类型。由于易被误诊或漏诊,LCCA患者的预后不良,因此需要更多临床研究来揭示其特点。目前已有4种影像学分类系统,...囊腔型肺癌(lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces,LCCA)是一种影像学上表现为肿瘤内或边缘存在囊性空腔的肺癌类型。由于易被误诊或漏诊,LCCA患者的预后不良,因此需要更多临床研究来揭示其特点。目前已有4种影像学分类系统,并且近年来对LCCA的关注度逐渐升高,尤其是对其影像学特征进行了一定的研究。既往结果显示,LCCA的病理特征与影像学表现存在相关性,但对于与肺癌相关的驱动基因突变和分子分型的研究仍不充分。由于LCCA难以早期诊断,预后较一般类型肺癌差,本文综述了LCCA的定义、病因与发病机制、影像学特征与诊断依据、组织学和病理学特征及预后等方面的研究进展,以期为临床决策提供参考。展开更多
Background Although localized neuroblastoma has a good prognosis,some cases have undergone treatment failure or recur-rence.Apart from biologic features such as MYCN status,we wondered whether some characteristics of ...Background Although localized neuroblastoma has a good prognosis,some cases have undergone treatment failure or recur-rence.Apart from biologic features such as MYCN status,we wondered whether some characteristics of growing tumors are prognostic,such as a well-encapsulated mass without infiltration of vital organs.We analyzed the diagnostic utility of image-defined risk factors(IDRFs)to predict successful treatment and prognosis.The overall goal was to achieve maximum cure rates for patients with localized neuroblastoma through a better understanding of clinical characteristics.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the images of patients with localized neuroblastoma who were enrolled between June 1998 and December 2012 at a single institution in Shanghai,China.Unequivocal categorization regarding IDRFs was available in 67 patients.IDRF was assessed at diagnosis and after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,on average.The median follow-up period was 84 months(range: 48-132 months)after diagnosis.Results MRI and CT indicated a total of 177 IDRFs in these 67 patients.Logistic regression analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between the numbers of IDRFs and the possibility of complete removal of neuroblastoma.Intraspinal extension of the tumor,compression of the trachea,and encasement of the main artery in localized neuroblastoma were predictors for incomplete tumor resection.According to univariate analysis,≥4 IDRFs and intraspinal extension of the tumor were significant indicators of poor prognosis.Conclusions The number of IDRFs was useful in predicting surgical outcome and event-free survival.The number of IDRFs should be considered in protocol planning,instead of IDRF presence or absence.展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0908300.
文摘Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe,with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%.In recent years,several applications of artificial intelligence(AI)have emerged in the gastric cancer field based on its efficient computational power and learning capacities,such as imagebased diagnosis and prognosis prediction.AI-assisted diagnosis includes pathology,endoscopy,and computerized tomography,while researchers in the prognosis circle focus on recurrence,metastasis,and survival prediction.In this review,a comprehensive literature search was performed on articles published up to April 2020 from the databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.Thereby the current status of AI-applications was systematically summarized in gastric cancer.Moreover,future directions that target this field were also analyzed to overcome the risk of overfitting AI models and enhance their accuracy as well as the applicability in clinical practice.
文摘The assessment of the percentage of spermatozoa having an ＇ideal＇ morphology using so-called strict method is the method recommended in the latest edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） laboratory manual for semen analysis. This recommendation is a result of the statistical association between ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology and fertility, and of the current general belief that sperm morphology assessment should be used primarily as a fertility tool. The notion of an ＇ideal＇ sperm morphology has persisted despite the very low percentage of such spermatozoa in the semen of fertile men, a subject of intense controversy. The detailed categorization of each abnormal spermatozoon has thus, for a long time, been considered optional and partially redundant, an idea which is reflected in the earlier editions of the WHO manual. However, several recent studies have shown the importance of carefully assessing abnormal sperm morphology for use in the diagnosis ＆infertility, to determine fertility prognosis, and for basic or public health studies. One approach, which combines videomicroscopy and computer vision, and is the only approach able to assess the continuum of sperm biometrics, has been used successfully in several recent clinical, basic and toxicology studies. In summary, the visual assessment of detailed sperm morphology--including the categorization of anomalies allowing arithmetically derived indices of teratozoospermia--and the more modern computer-based approaches, although often considered to be redundant, are in fact complementary. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on the field of investigation （clinical, research, toxicology） and the problem being addressed. Each approach has advantages as well as certain limitations, which will be discussed briefly herein.
基金国家自然科学基金项目(No.82360562、No.82272980、No.82060426、No.81702274)云南省基础研究计划项目(No.202201 AY 070001-133)云南省科技厅基础研究专项(No.202201AT070011)资助。
文摘囊腔型肺癌(lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces,LCCA)是一种影像学上表现为肿瘤内或边缘存在囊性空腔的肺癌类型。由于易被误诊或漏诊,LCCA患者的预后不良,因此需要更多临床研究来揭示其特点。目前已有4种影像学分类系统,并且近年来对LCCA的关注度逐渐升高,尤其是对其影像学特征进行了一定的研究。既往结果显示,LCCA的病理特征与影像学表现存在相关性,但对于与肺癌相关的驱动基因突变和分子分型的研究仍不充分。由于LCCA难以早期诊断,预后较一般类型肺癌差,本文综述了LCCA的定义、病因与发病机制、影像学特征与诊断依据、组织学和病理学特征及预后等方面的研究进展,以期为临床决策提供参考。
文摘Background Although localized neuroblastoma has a good prognosis,some cases have undergone treatment failure or recur-rence.Apart from biologic features such as MYCN status,we wondered whether some characteristics of growing tumors are prognostic,such as a well-encapsulated mass without infiltration of vital organs.We analyzed the diagnostic utility of image-defined risk factors(IDRFs)to predict successful treatment and prognosis.The overall goal was to achieve maximum cure rates for patients with localized neuroblastoma through a better understanding of clinical characteristics.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the images of patients with localized neuroblastoma who were enrolled between June 1998 and December 2012 at a single institution in Shanghai,China.Unequivocal categorization regarding IDRFs was available in 67 patients.IDRF was assessed at diagnosis and after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,on average.The median follow-up period was 84 months(range: 48-132 months)after diagnosis.Results MRI and CT indicated a total of 177 IDRFs in these 67 patients.Logistic regression analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between the numbers of IDRFs and the possibility of complete removal of neuroblastoma.Intraspinal extension of the tumor,compression of the trachea,and encasement of the main artery in localized neuroblastoma were predictors for incomplete tumor resection.According to univariate analysis,≥4 IDRFs and intraspinal extension of the tumor were significant indicators of poor prognosis.Conclusions The number of IDRFs was useful in predicting surgical outcome and event-free survival.The number of IDRFs should be considered in protocol planning,instead of IDRF presence or absence.
