规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“W...规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“WHAT IF?”的概念模型,并结合实例探讨了在实践中的应用,以期对我国的城市规划理论和实践有所启迪.展开更多
测量影响因子排在前50名的中国 SCI 期刊(不含港、澳、台期刊)的 h 指数,并依 h 指数对期刊重新排序,发现有21种期刊排名位次下降、28种上升、1种不变。与影响因子相比,期刊 h 指数能够深刻揭示期刊的原始创新能力,以及整体的、长期的...测量影响因子排在前50名的中国 SCI 期刊(不含港、澳、台期刊)的 h 指数,并依 h 指数对期刊重新排序,发现有21种期刊排名位次下降、28种上升、1种不变。与影响因子相比,期刊 h 指数能够深刻揭示期刊的原始创新能力,以及整体的、长期的影响力。h 指数能够纠正载文量低、综述类文献等因素对期刊影响因子的虚增效应或误差,也能部分消除学科因素的影响。h 指数对于大载文量和低影响因子期刊而言,是一个更客观、更适宜的评价指标。展开更多
The nozzle clogging behavior of Ti-bearing IF steel was studied by metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).According to the exper...The nozzle clogging behavior of Ti-bearing IF steel was studied by metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).According to the experimental results,nozzle clogging primarily appears three layers.There are a lot of large-sized iron particles in the inner layer and mainly slag phase in the middle and outer layers.The principal clog constituents of the inner layer are loose alumina cluster inclusions and granular shaped alumina inclusions,containing iron particles. The clog constituents of the middle layer are mainly dendrite alumina inclusions.The primary phases existing in nozzle clogging are FeO·TiO2 and FeO·Al2O3 besidesα-Al2O3 and a-Fe.The FeO·TiO2 phases among the deposits adhere the deposits together firmly enough to lead to the inferior castability of Ti-bearing ultra low carbon steel compared with that of Ti-free low carbon Al-killed steel.展开更多
数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS)。文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以V...数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS)。文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性。与原有的模拟设备(Analog Baseband Convertor,简称ABBC)相比,新设备具有体积小,可靠性高,性能好,可维护性强等优点。该设备作为VLBI台站终端系统的核心部分,安装在上海、北京、昆明和乌鲁木齐等相关台站,为我国VLBI技术用于天文观测、大地测量和航天器测轨服务。展开更多
介绍美国ISI的Journal Citation Reports(JCR)2010年收录美国工业和应用数学学会(Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,简称SIAM)的14种期刊的基本计量指标,调查分析SIAM期刊的审稿机制。同时结合国内现状及自身工作体会,...介绍美国ISI的Journal Citation Reports(JCR)2010年收录美国工业和应用数学学会(Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,简称SIAM)的14种期刊的基本计量指标,调查分析SIAM期刊的审稿机制。同时结合国内现状及自身工作体会,对完善我国应用数学类科技期刊审稿机制问题进行探讨,并对改进我国应用数学类科技期刊的审稿机制,提出了以下建议:需强大并精化编委队伍,定期补充编委会新鲜血液,充分调动编委积极性;借鉴SIAM措施,给与编委灵活的权利,通过主编和编委努力,在保证审稿质量的前提下,好且快地缩短审稿周期;建立内部的审稿专家评价体系,构建高质量的审稿专家库,重视审稿专家资源的开发,用各种方式调动优秀审稿专家的积极性;使用成熟的稿件在线处理系统,积累具有本刊特色的关键词库,以便针对性地选择合适的审稿专家;编委投稿和其他稿件一样需要同行评议,杜绝人情稿;审稿机制透明公开公布在网上,让读者、作者监督,保证刊审稿质量;借鉴SIAM处理办法,严格保护审稿专家的隐私性,维护作者和专家的良好关系;责任编辑对每篇稿件负责到底,省去中间环节,有效缩短处理时间;编辑助理需密切关注稿件处理进程,定时生成审稿进程报告发给责编,有效提醒责任编委能及时处理;积极处理积滞稿件,认真并及时回复作者对稿件的咨询,认真进行退稿处理;慎重处理有争议的稿件;主编、编委、编辑分工明确,在网上公示其信息,职权明确、透明;建议国内建设相关专业化期刊平台,散刊集中管理,节约成本,提高国际显示度和影响力。展开更多
国内对作为刊物的评价指标体系诟病颇多,但缺乏提出具体完善的评价体系措施。对期刊评价体系的主要指标影响因子的优缺点进行分析,以国外期刊International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation(IJNSNS)为例,通过...国内对作为刊物的评价指标体系诟病颇多,但缺乏提出具体完善的评价体系措施。对期刊评价体系的主要指标影响因子的优缺点进行分析,以国外期刊International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation(IJNSNS)为例,通过分析其施引作者源和期刊源,揭示出一些人为操纵常见手段。近年来,国际上也流行一种更高级别的常用手段,通过发表大量引用本刊前两年文章的综述性论文来提高IF。IF本身的缺陷和人为操纵手段使之不能作为构成评价体系的主要指标来准确地评判期刊质量。为完善期刊科研评价体系,借鉴澳大利亚学术研究理事会(Australian Research Council)的专家评审过程,提出了专家评审综合评价方案,即由学科专家、学术顶级机构团体,包括科学院、顶级学科团体或相关学会以及其他评审专家组成,通过定性与定量分析相结合,对期刊综合质量进行评估,目前评价体系中的IF等多项指标只在定量分析中做参考。展开更多
【目的】探讨Web of Science(Wo S)数据库撤销论文的分布特征,以期对我国的科技期刊管理提出建议。【方法】分析2004—2013年撤销论文的数量、撤销时滞和期刊的IF以及不同国家的撤销论文数量和H指数之间的相关性;并分组比较撤销论文的...【目的】探讨Web of Science(Wo S)数据库撤销论文的分布特征,以期对我国的科技期刊管理提出建议。【方法】分析2004—2013年撤销论文的数量、撤销时滞和期刊的IF以及不同国家的撤销论文数量和H指数之间的相关性;并分组比较撤销论文的撤销时滞。【结果】期刊的IF与撤销论文数量正相关(P=0.036),与撤销时滞不相关(P=0.709)。2004—2008年、2009—2013年的撤销时滞差异显著(P=0.000)。国家H指数与撤销论文数量正相关(P=0.002)。【结论】高H指数国家、高IF期刊撤销论文数量较多,撤销时滞与期刊IF不相关。国内期刊自我净化氛围缺失,需要广大期刊编辑和同行评审专家以及读者加强监督。展开更多
A framework for dialectal Chinese speech recognition is proposed and studied, in which a relatively small dialectal Chinese (or in other words Chinese influenced by the native dialect) speech corpus and dialect-rela...A framework for dialectal Chinese speech recognition is proposed and studied, in which a relatively small dialectal Chinese (or in other words Chinese influenced by the native dialect) speech corpus and dialect-related knowledge are adopted to transform a standard Chinese (or Putonghua, abbreviated as PTH) speech recognizer into a dialectal Chinese speech recognizer. Two kinds of knowledge sources are explored: one is expert knowledge and the other is a small dialectal Chinese corpus. These knowledge sources provide information at four levels: phonetic level, lexicon level, language level, and acoustic decoder level. This paper takes Wu dialectal Chinese (WDC) as an example target language. The goal is to establish a WDC speech recognizer from an existing PTH speech recognizer based on the Initial-Final structure of the Chinese language and a study of how dialectal Chinese speakers speak Putonghua. The authors propose to use contextindependent PTH-IF mappings (where IF means either a Chinese Initial or a Chinese Final), context-independent WDC-IF mappings, and syllable-dependent WDC-IF mappings (obtained from either experts or data), and combine them with the supervised maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) acoustic model adaptation method. To reduce the size of the multipronunciation lexicon introduced by the IF mappings, which might also enlarge the lexicon confusion and hence lead to the performance degradation, a Multi-Pronunciation Expansion (MPE) method based on the accumulated uni-gram probability (AUP) is proposed. In addition, some commonly used WDC words are selected and added to the lexicon. Compared with the original PTH speech recognizer, the resulting WDC speech recognizer achieves 10-18% absolute Character Error Rate (CER) reduction when recognizing WDC, with only a 0.62% CER increase when recognizing PTH. The proposed framework and methods are expected to work not only for Wu dialectal Chinese but also for other dialectal Chinese languages and even oth展开更多
以Web of Science(WOS)数据库JCR中的眼科学期刊(OPHTHALMOLOGY)为研究对象,采用SPSS21.0统计学软件比较基于Scopus数据库的评价指标SNIP、SJR、H指数与JCR收录期刊的IF之间的相关性,从而分析Scopus数据库、WOS数据库评价期刊是否存在...以Web of Science(WOS)数据库JCR中的眼科学期刊(OPHTHALMOLOGY)为研究对象,采用SPSS21.0统计学软件比较基于Scopus数据库的评价指标SNIP、SJR、H指数与JCR收录期刊的IF之间的相关性,从而分析Scopus数据库、WOS数据库评价期刊是否存在一致性,SNIP和IF(JCR)评价眼科学期刊是否有差异性。结果显示,期刊评价指标SJR、SNIP、H指数、IF(JCR)之间显著相关,由此说明Scopus数据库评价期刊是可行的,两种数据库评价期刊一致性较好;在眼科学领域,Scopus数据库中SNIP指标与IF(JCR)存在一定的差异性,经统计学分析显示差异不显著。展开更多
文摘规划支持系统(PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM,简称PSS)是一个完整的信息系统应用框架,融合了一系列基于计算机技术的信息分析方法和模型,它面向规划师,并辅助其完成特定的规划任务. 详细阐述了规划支持系统的含义、具体的规划支持软件工具“WHAT IF?”的概念模型,并结合实例探讨了在实践中的应用,以期对我国的城市规划理论和实践有所启迪.
文摘测量影响因子排在前50名的中国 SCI 期刊(不含港、澳、台期刊)的 h 指数,并依 h 指数对期刊重新排序,发现有21种期刊排名位次下降、28种上升、1种不变。与影响因子相比,期刊 h 指数能够深刻揭示期刊的原始创新能力,以及整体的、长期的影响力。h 指数能够纠正载文量低、综述类文献等因素对期刊影响因子的虚增效应或误差,也能部分消除学科因素的影响。h 指数对于大载文量和低影响因子期刊而言,是一个更客观、更适宜的评价指标。
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2006BAE03A06)
文摘The nozzle clogging behavior of Ti-bearing IF steel was studied by metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).According to the experimental results,nozzle clogging primarily appears three layers.There are a lot of large-sized iron particles in the inner layer and mainly slag phase in the middle and outer layers.The principal clog constituents of the inner layer are loose alumina cluster inclusions and granular shaped alumina inclusions,containing iron particles. The clog constituents of the middle layer are mainly dendrite alumina inclusions.The primary phases existing in nozzle clogging are FeO·TiO2 and FeO·Al2O3 besidesα-Al2O3 and a-Fe.The FeO·TiO2 phases among the deposits adhere the deposits together firmly enough to lead to the inferior castability of Ti-bearing ultra low carbon steel compared with that of Ti-free low carbon Al-killed steel.
文摘介绍美国ISI的Journal Citation Reports(JCR)2010年收录美国工业和应用数学学会(Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,简称SIAM)的14种期刊的基本计量指标,调查分析SIAM期刊的审稿机制。同时结合国内现状及自身工作体会,对完善我国应用数学类科技期刊审稿机制问题进行探讨,并对改进我国应用数学类科技期刊的审稿机制,提出了以下建议:需强大并精化编委队伍,定期补充编委会新鲜血液,充分调动编委积极性;借鉴SIAM措施,给与编委灵活的权利,通过主编和编委努力,在保证审稿质量的前提下,好且快地缩短审稿周期;建立内部的审稿专家评价体系,构建高质量的审稿专家库,重视审稿专家资源的开发,用各种方式调动优秀审稿专家的积极性;使用成熟的稿件在线处理系统,积累具有本刊特色的关键词库,以便针对性地选择合适的审稿专家;编委投稿和其他稿件一样需要同行评议,杜绝人情稿;审稿机制透明公开公布在网上,让读者、作者监督,保证刊审稿质量;借鉴SIAM处理办法,严格保护审稿专家的隐私性,维护作者和专家的良好关系;责任编辑对每篇稿件负责到底,省去中间环节,有效缩短处理时间;编辑助理需密切关注稿件处理进程,定时生成审稿进程报告发给责编,有效提醒责任编委能及时处理;积极处理积滞稿件,认真并及时回复作者对稿件的咨询,认真进行退稿处理;慎重处理有争议的稿件;主编、编委、编辑分工明确,在网上公示其信息,职权明确、透明;建议国内建设相关专业化期刊平台,散刊集中管理,节约成本,提高国际显示度和影响力。
文摘国内对作为刊物的评价指标体系诟病颇多,但缺乏提出具体完善的评价体系措施。对期刊评价体系的主要指标影响因子的优缺点进行分析,以国外期刊International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation(IJNSNS)为例,通过分析其施引作者源和期刊源,揭示出一些人为操纵常见手段。近年来,国际上也流行一种更高级别的常用手段,通过发表大量引用本刊前两年文章的综述性论文来提高IF。IF本身的缺陷和人为操纵手段使之不能作为构成评价体系的主要指标来准确地评判期刊质量。为完善期刊科研评价体系,借鉴澳大利亚学术研究理事会(Australian Research Council)的专家评审过程,提出了专家评审综合评价方案,即由学科专家、学术顶级机构团体,包括科学院、顶级学科团体或相关学会以及其他评审专家组成,通过定性与定量分析相结合,对期刊综合质量进行评估,目前评价体系中的IF等多项指标只在定量分析中做参考。
文摘【目的】探讨Web of Science(Wo S)数据库撤销论文的分布特征,以期对我国的科技期刊管理提出建议。【方法】分析2004—2013年撤销论文的数量、撤销时滞和期刊的IF以及不同国家的撤销论文数量和H指数之间的相关性;并分组比较撤销论文的撤销时滞。【结果】期刊的IF与撤销论文数量正相关(P=0.036),与撤销时滞不相关(P=0.709)。2004—2008年、2009—2013年的撤销时滞差异显著(P=0.000)。国家H指数与撤销论文数量正相关(P=0.002)。【结论】高H指数国家、高IF期刊撤销论文数量较多,撤销时滞与期刊IF不相关。国内期刊自我净化氛围缺失,需要广大期刊编辑和同行评审专家以及读者加强监督。
基金This paper is based upon a study supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No.0121285. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
文摘A framework for dialectal Chinese speech recognition is proposed and studied, in which a relatively small dialectal Chinese (or in other words Chinese influenced by the native dialect) speech corpus and dialect-related knowledge are adopted to transform a standard Chinese (or Putonghua, abbreviated as PTH) speech recognizer into a dialectal Chinese speech recognizer. Two kinds of knowledge sources are explored: one is expert knowledge and the other is a small dialectal Chinese corpus. These knowledge sources provide information at four levels: phonetic level, lexicon level, language level, and acoustic decoder level. This paper takes Wu dialectal Chinese (WDC) as an example target language. The goal is to establish a WDC speech recognizer from an existing PTH speech recognizer based on the Initial-Final structure of the Chinese language and a study of how dialectal Chinese speakers speak Putonghua. The authors propose to use contextindependent PTH-IF mappings (where IF means either a Chinese Initial or a Chinese Final), context-independent WDC-IF mappings, and syllable-dependent WDC-IF mappings (obtained from either experts or data), and combine them with the supervised maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) acoustic model adaptation method. To reduce the size of the multipronunciation lexicon introduced by the IF mappings, which might also enlarge the lexicon confusion and hence lead to the performance degradation, a Multi-Pronunciation Expansion (MPE) method based on the accumulated uni-gram probability (AUP) is proposed. In addition, some commonly used WDC words are selected and added to the lexicon. Compared with the original PTH speech recognizer, the resulting WDC speech recognizer achieves 10-18% absolute Character Error Rate (CER) reduction when recognizing WDC, with only a 0.62% CER increase when recognizing PTH. The proposed framework and methods are expected to work not only for Wu dialectal Chinese but also for other dialectal Chinese languages and even oth
文摘以Web of Science(WOS)数据库JCR中的眼科学期刊(OPHTHALMOLOGY)为研究对象,采用SPSS21.0统计学软件比较基于Scopus数据库的评价指标SNIP、SJR、H指数与JCR收录期刊的IF之间的相关性,从而分析Scopus数据库、WOS数据库评价期刊是否存在一致性,SNIP和IF(JCR)评价眼科学期刊是否有差异性。结果显示,期刊评价指标SJR、SNIP、H指数、IF(JCR)之间显著相关,由此说明Scopus数据库评价期刊是可行的,两种数据库评价期刊一致性较好;在眼科学领域,Scopus数据库中SNIP指标与IF(JCR)存在一定的差异性,经统计学分析显示差异不显著。