With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society...With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.展开更多
为防止飞机在全电差动刹车纠偏过程中发生危险或事故,将该过程的安全问题视为一个控制问题,从控制的角度开展STAMP/STPA安全性分析.首先,基于系统理论事故模型及过程(system-theoretic accident model and process,STAMP)建立考虑人机...为防止飞机在全电差动刹车纠偏过程中发生危险或事故,将该过程的安全问题视为一个控制问题,从控制的角度开展STAMP/STPA安全性分析.首先,基于系统理论事故模型及过程(system-theoretic accident model and process,STAMP)建立考虑人机协调的飞机全电差动刹车系统STAMP模型,确定整个差动刹车系统的控制反馈关系;然后,采用系统理论过程分析(system theoretic process analysis,STPA)方法对差动刹车纠偏过程进行安全性分析,确定系统级事故和危险,识别潜在风险和不安全控制行为(unsafe control action,UCA),从控制、反馈和协调3个方面对不安全控制行为进行定性致因分析;最后,建立飞机地面滑跑模型,对纠偏过程中出现的部分不安全控制行为(UCA1、UCA2和UCA5)进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明:在1°初始偏航角或1 m/s持续侧风的情况下未提供差动刹车动作,飞机在5 s后会偏出跑道;在1°初始偏航角(无侧风)情况下发生差动刹车动作延迟,延迟大于5 s时飞机会偏出跑道.仿真结果从定量角度对飞机全电差动刹车纠偏过程提出了安全约束,并验证了STAMP/STPA方法的有效性.展开更多
文摘With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.
文摘为防止飞机在全电差动刹车纠偏过程中发生危险或事故,将该过程的安全问题视为一个控制问题,从控制的角度开展STAMP/STPA安全性分析.首先,基于系统理论事故模型及过程(system-theoretic accident model and process,STAMP)建立考虑人机协调的飞机全电差动刹车系统STAMP模型,确定整个差动刹车系统的控制反馈关系;然后,采用系统理论过程分析(system theoretic process analysis,STPA)方法对差动刹车纠偏过程进行安全性分析,确定系统级事故和危险,识别潜在风险和不安全控制行为(unsafe control action,UCA),从控制、反馈和协调3个方面对不安全控制行为进行定性致因分析;最后,建立飞机地面滑跑模型,对纠偏过程中出现的部分不安全控制行为(UCA1、UCA2和UCA5)进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明:在1°初始偏航角或1 m/s持续侧风的情况下未提供差动刹车动作,飞机在5 s后会偏出跑道;在1°初始偏航角(无侧风)情况下发生差动刹车动作延迟,延迟大于5 s时飞机会偏出跑道.仿真结果从定量角度对飞机全电差动刹车纠偏过程提出了安全约束,并验证了STAMP/STPA方法的有效性.
