[目的]研究2009年—2018年护士职业倦怠领域国际现状及重要作者研究方向,揭示研究热点和前沿。[方法]以2009年—2018年Web of Science收录的有关护士职业倦怠的文献为样本量,借助可视化软件CiteSpace,以文献计量学及知识图谱分析为研究...[目的]研究2009年—2018年护士职业倦怠领域国际现状及重要作者研究方向,揭示研究热点和前沿。[方法]以2009年—2018年Web of Science收录的有关护士职业倦怠的文献为样本量,借助可视化软件CiteSpace,以文献计量学及知识图谱分析为研究方法,从发文量、作者、研究机构、关键词和突现词等方面对文献进行可视化分析,从多维视角呈现国际护士职业倦怠的研究现状和热点。[结果]有关护士职业倦怠文献发文量逐年增长,以美国为代表的发达国家占绝对优势,我国发文量排在第3位;学科来源以护理学专业领域为主,机构以高等院校和公众健康研究所为主,一线管理者研究不多;美国宾夕法尼亚大学Aiken LH、加拿大西安大略大学Laschinger HKS以及中国医科大学的王烈3位研究者分别就不同的研究方向进行了较为深入的研究;呈现出4个研究热点:(1)受影响的专业人员,主要包括护士、注册护士、医生、重症监护室护士、护理学生;(2)职业倦怠发生的相关因素,主要集中于来自组织内部的不公平对待以及个人应对方式;(3)受影响的专业结局,体现在健康生活质量、照顾质量、病人安全、结果、影响等;(4)应对方式,包括积极应对、组织承诺、赋权。[结论]护士职业倦怠受到普遍关注,对护士带来的负面影响做了诸多探索,围绕影响因素提出一些实践性经验总结;研究方法以调查性研究和相关性分析为主,少部分的研究加入试验性干预;对职业倦怠对护士心理、行为的机制尚不清楚,缺乏顶层设计及框架模式构建的理论研究,提示科研工作者下一步研究中应针对以上问题开展更为精准的研究。展开更多
把文本流中的热点区分为局部热点和全局热点,分析了二者的相关性,并将Kolmogorov复杂度应用于多文本流中的热点挖掘.首先,定义了基于Kolmogorov复杂度的冗余信息的概念,并论证了文本流存在局部热点的必要条件是冗余信息超过某个阈值;其...把文本流中的热点区分为局部热点和全局热点,分析了二者的相关性,并将Kolmogorov复杂度应用于多文本流中的热点挖掘.首先,定义了基于Kolmogorov复杂度的冗余信息的概念,并论证了文本流存在局部热点的必要条件是冗余信息超过某个阈值;其次,基于条件Kolmogorov复杂度提出了一个相似性度量指标——流信息距离(stream information distance,简称SID),以衡量不同文本流之间的相似度;并借鉴计算生物学领域中的种系发生树的思想,提出了一种基于层次聚类的多文本流全局热点挖掘启发式算法.在合成和真实数据集的实验,验证了算法的收敛性、有效性和规模可伸缩性.展开更多
Based on the measured beach profile data of Sanzhou Bay from 2015 to 2019,an erosion hotspot was identified along the Shanwei coastline of eastern Guangdong,where the maximum retreat distance of the shoreline exceeded...Based on the measured beach profile data of Sanzhou Bay from 2015 to 2019,an erosion hotspot was identified along the Shanwei coastline of eastern Guangdong,where the maximum retreat distance of the shoreline exceeded 80 m and the erosion rate was more than 20 m/a.To determine the time at which the erosion hotspot started and the potential causes of its formation,this study used 63 Landsat satellite images from 1986 to 2019 to construct a time series of shoreline positions over the past 30 years by extracting their high-tide shorelines.Next,the M-K trend test method was introduced to evaluate the non-linear shoreline behavior based on the single-transect method.The results showed that the time of approximately 2013 marked the start of the erosion hotspot,the erosion hotspot was characterized by erosion rates of more than 2 m/a(a maximum rate of 31.6 m/a),and the affected shoreline more than 4.3 km from 2013 to 2019.Furthermore,this erosion hotspot was proved to be caused by artificial sand mining in the nearshore zone,which destroyed the original beach’s morphodynamic equilibrium.With the aid of storm events,soil cliffs composed of loose sediment on the backshore were sacrificed to achieve a new equilibrium,resulting in an extremely significant retreat parallel to the coast on the west side of the study area,which reflects the combined effect of human and natural processes.This study provides a concrete example of the rapid response of shorelines to artificial sand mining activities,and the associated finding is a stark warning about the cautious development and utilization of coastal zones and the strict regulation of human activities.展开更多
文摘[目的]研究2009年—2018年护士职业倦怠领域国际现状及重要作者研究方向,揭示研究热点和前沿。[方法]以2009年—2018年Web of Science收录的有关护士职业倦怠的文献为样本量,借助可视化软件CiteSpace,以文献计量学及知识图谱分析为研究方法,从发文量、作者、研究机构、关键词和突现词等方面对文献进行可视化分析,从多维视角呈现国际护士职业倦怠的研究现状和热点。[结果]有关护士职业倦怠文献发文量逐年增长,以美国为代表的发达国家占绝对优势,我国发文量排在第3位;学科来源以护理学专业领域为主,机构以高等院校和公众健康研究所为主,一线管理者研究不多;美国宾夕法尼亚大学Aiken LH、加拿大西安大略大学Laschinger HKS以及中国医科大学的王烈3位研究者分别就不同的研究方向进行了较为深入的研究;呈现出4个研究热点:(1)受影响的专业人员,主要包括护士、注册护士、医生、重症监护室护士、护理学生;(2)职业倦怠发生的相关因素,主要集中于来自组织内部的不公平对待以及个人应对方式;(3)受影响的专业结局,体现在健康生活质量、照顾质量、病人安全、结果、影响等;(4)应对方式,包括积极应对、组织承诺、赋权。[结论]护士职业倦怠受到普遍关注,对护士带来的负面影响做了诸多探索,围绕影响因素提出一些实践性经验总结;研究方法以调查性研究和相关性分析为主,少部分的研究加入试验性干预;对职业倦怠对护士心理、行为的机制尚不清楚,缺乏顶层设计及框架模式构建的理论研究,提示科研工作者下一步研究中应针对以上问题开展更为精准的研究。
文摘把文本流中的热点区分为局部热点和全局热点,分析了二者的相关性,并将Kolmogorov复杂度应用于多文本流中的热点挖掘.首先,定义了基于Kolmogorov复杂度的冗余信息的概念,并论证了文本流存在局部热点的必要条件是冗余信息超过某个阈值;其次,基于条件Kolmogorov复杂度提出了一个相似性度量指标——流信息距离(stream information distance,简称SID),以衡量不同文本流之间的相似度;并借鉴计算生物学领域中的种系发生树的思想,提出了一种基于层次聚类的多文本流全局热点挖掘启发式算法.在合成和真实数据集的实验,验证了算法的收敛性、有效性和规模可伸缩性.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42071007the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province under contract Nos 421QN0883 and 422RC665the Foundation of Department Budget Projects of Hainan Province in 2022 under contract No.KYL-2022-06.
文摘Based on the measured beach profile data of Sanzhou Bay from 2015 to 2019,an erosion hotspot was identified along the Shanwei coastline of eastern Guangdong,where the maximum retreat distance of the shoreline exceeded 80 m and the erosion rate was more than 20 m/a.To determine the time at which the erosion hotspot started and the potential causes of its formation,this study used 63 Landsat satellite images from 1986 to 2019 to construct a time series of shoreline positions over the past 30 years by extracting their high-tide shorelines.Next,the M-K trend test method was introduced to evaluate the non-linear shoreline behavior based on the single-transect method.The results showed that the time of approximately 2013 marked the start of the erosion hotspot,the erosion hotspot was characterized by erosion rates of more than 2 m/a(a maximum rate of 31.6 m/a),and the affected shoreline more than 4.3 km from 2013 to 2019.Furthermore,this erosion hotspot was proved to be caused by artificial sand mining in the nearshore zone,which destroyed the original beach’s morphodynamic equilibrium.With the aid of storm events,soil cliffs composed of loose sediment on the backshore were sacrificed to achieve a new equilibrium,resulting in an extremely significant retreat parallel to the coast on the west side of the study area,which reflects the combined effect of human and natural processes.This study provides a concrete example of the rapid response of shorelines to artificial sand mining activities,and the associated finding is a stark warning about the cautious development and utilization of coastal zones and the strict regulation of human activities.
