The effect of courtyards as microclimate modifiers on the sustainability of traditional houses in a region with 13Wks mesoclimate in Iran was explored. The principle behind traditional Iranian courtyards was investiga...The effect of courtyards as microclimate modifiers on the sustainability of traditional houses in a region with 13Wks mesoclimate in Iran was explored. The principle behind traditional Iranian courtyards was investigated to identify the most intluential physical-environmental character- istics that can effectively improve energy efficiency in contemporary residential buildings. A field study was performed to analyze various physical elements of six valuable traditional courtyard houses located in a region with BWks mesodimate in Iran. These elements included the orientation, extension, rotation angle, dimensions, and proportions of enclosed and open spaces, as well as physical bodies （opaque waUs）, transparent surfaces （openings）, and natural elements （water and soil）. Results showed that most of the studied Iranian courtyards were particularly designed to enable orientation, dimension, and proportion to act as microdimate modifiers. All survey-based data were sumrnarized and integrated to propose a physical- environmental design model for courtyards as a useful energy-efficient strategy for contem- porary sustainable housing in a region with BWks mesoctimate. The proposed model can be generalized to all design cases located in areas with similar climatic conditions.展开更多
Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid...Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid environments are not mastered. This article evaluates the influence of architectural and constructive modes of buildings made of CEB walls and concrete block walls, to optimize and compare their thermal comfort in the hot and dry tropical climate of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Two identical pilot buildings whose envelopes are made of CEB and concrete blocks were monitored for this study. The thermal models of the pilot buildings were implemented in the SketchUp software using an extension of EnergyPlus. The models were empirically validated after calibration against measured thermal data from the buildings. The models were used to do a parametric analysis for optimization of the thermal performances by simulating plaster coatings on the exterior of walls, airtight openings and natural ventilation depending on external weather conditions. The results show that the CEB building displays 7016 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 80.1% of the time, and the concrete building displays 6948 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 79.3% of the time. The optimization by modifications reduced the discomfort to 2918 and 3125 hours respectively;i.e. equivalent to only 33.3% for the CEB building and 35.7% for the concrete building. More study should evaluate thermal optimizations in buildings in real time of usage such as residential buildings commonly used by the local middle class. The use of CEB as a construction material and passive means of improving thermal comfort is a suitable ecological and economical option to replace cementitious material.展开更多
This paper describes the measurements and analysis of an experimental campaign performed in different urban street in Aswan, Egypt. The present study is focused on the experimental investigation of thermal characteris...This paper describes the measurements and analysis of an experimental campaign performed in different urban street in Aswan, Egypt. The present study is focused on the experimental investigation of thermal characteristics during summer 2012 of five different regions location (building on Nile river shore, building in front of a mountain, building under high power transmission line, two building opposite other in resident region, finally ship in Nile river) aiming at the investigation of the impact of urban location on the potential of natural and hybrid ventilation under hot weather conditions. The temporal and spatial distribution of air and surface temperatures is examined. Emphasis was given on the vertical distribution of air and surface temperatures. The results showed that the measured surface temperature across the street was the highest value than the air and wall temperature where temperature difference between street and air temperature could reach 35℃ and this favored the overheating of lower air levels. Buoyancy generated mainly from asphalt-street heating resulted in the development of the predominant recirculation inside the street canyon. The results also show that air temperature for two building opposite other has a lower value followed by building on Nile river shore followed by building at front of mountain.展开更多
文摘The effect of courtyards as microclimate modifiers on the sustainability of traditional houses in a region with 13Wks mesoclimate in Iran was explored. The principle behind traditional Iranian courtyards was investigated to identify the most intluential physical-environmental character- istics that can effectively improve energy efficiency in contemporary residential buildings. A field study was performed to analyze various physical elements of six valuable traditional courtyard houses located in a region with BWks mesodimate in Iran. These elements included the orientation, extension, rotation angle, dimensions, and proportions of enclosed and open spaces, as well as physical bodies （opaque waUs）, transparent surfaces （openings）, and natural elements （water and soil）. Results showed that most of the studied Iranian courtyards were particularly designed to enable orientation, dimension, and proportion to act as microdimate modifiers. All survey-based data were sumrnarized and integrated to propose a physical- environmental design model for courtyards as a useful energy-efficient strategy for contem- porary sustainable housing in a region with BWks mesoctimate. The proposed model can be generalized to all design cases located in areas with similar climatic conditions.
文摘Compressed earth blocks (CEB) are an alternative to cement blocks in the construction of wall masonry. However, the optimal architectural construction methods for adequate thermal comfort for occupants in hot and arid environments are not mastered. This article evaluates the influence of architectural and constructive modes of buildings made of CEB walls and concrete block walls, to optimize and compare their thermal comfort in the hot and dry tropical climate of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Two identical pilot buildings whose envelopes are made of CEB and concrete blocks were monitored for this study. The thermal models of the pilot buildings were implemented in the SketchUp software using an extension of EnergyPlus. The models were empirically validated after calibration against measured thermal data from the buildings. The models were used to do a parametric analysis for optimization of the thermal performances by simulating plaster coatings on the exterior of walls, airtight openings and natural ventilation depending on external weather conditions. The results show that the CEB building displays 7016 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 80.1% of the time, and the concrete building displays 6948 hours of discomfort, equivalent to 79.3% of the time. The optimization by modifications reduced the discomfort to 2918 and 3125 hours respectively;i.e. equivalent to only 33.3% for the CEB building and 35.7% for the concrete building. More study should evaluate thermal optimizations in buildings in real time of usage such as residential buildings commonly used by the local middle class. The use of CEB as a construction material and passive means of improving thermal comfort is a suitable ecological and economical option to replace cementitious material.
文摘This paper describes the measurements and analysis of an experimental campaign performed in different urban street in Aswan, Egypt. The present study is focused on the experimental investigation of thermal characteristics during summer 2012 of five different regions location (building on Nile river shore, building in front of a mountain, building under high power transmission line, two building opposite other in resident region, finally ship in Nile river) aiming at the investigation of the impact of urban location on the potential of natural and hybrid ventilation under hot weather conditions. The temporal and spatial distribution of air and surface temperatures is examined. Emphasis was given on the vertical distribution of air and surface temperatures. The results showed that the measured surface temperature across the street was the highest value than the air and wall temperature where temperature difference between street and air temperature could reach 35℃ and this favored the overheating of lower air levels. Buoyancy generated mainly from asphalt-street heating resulted in the development of the predominant recirculation inside the street canyon. The results also show that air temperature for two building opposite other has a lower value followed by building on Nile river shore followed by building at front of mountain.
