By tracing the development of social welfare systems in the six cotton mills of the Yudahua Business Group from the 1920s to the 1950s, this paper argues that some private firms experienced unprecedented wartime expan...By tracing the development of social welfare systems in the six cotton mills of the Yudahua Business Group from the 1920s to the 1950s, this paper argues that some private firms experienced unprecedented wartime expansion of workers＇ welfare programs. The social welfare system that was thus taking form continued during the early 1950s, but progress slowed as compared to the wartime advances. The slowness in development was largely due to the enforcement of a state policy that prioritized production requirements and class conciliation programs, thus discouraging the rapid improvements of earlier decades. State efforts to prioritize heavy industries over light industries and to standardize wages and welfare throughout the same industry within a local economy also forced some industrial workers to make sacrifices in salary and benefits.展开更多
The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the coll...The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the collection of Krishna Riboud, and the historical document, a kind of axle treadle loom with oblique warp frame was reconstructed by author. It might be applied in the central China at that time, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu areas, and it was not later than the Warring State period for the oblique axle treadle loom to come into being and reach a peak in the Han Dynasty. After that time, it was used with the vertical frame but lost the importance gradually.展开更多
文摘By tracing the development of social welfare systems in the six cotton mills of the Yudahua Business Group from the 1920s to the 1950s, this paper argues that some private firms experienced unprecedented wartime expansion of workers＇ welfare programs. The social welfare system that was thus taking form continued during the early 1950s, but progress slowed as compared to the wartime advances. The slowness in development was largely due to the enforcement of a state policy that prioritized production requirements and class conciliation programs, thus discouraging the rapid improvements of earlier decades. State efforts to prioritize heavy industries over light industries and to standardize wages and welfare throughout the same industry within a local economy also forced some industrial workers to make sacrifices in salary and benefits.
文摘The axle-treadle mechanism of Han loom consists of a set of components, including two pedals controlling one shaft via a central axle. Based on the new archaeological finds, especially the pottery loom model, the collection of Krishna Riboud, and the historical document, a kind of axle treadle loom with oblique warp frame was reconstructed by author. It might be applied in the central China at that time, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu areas, and it was not later than the Warring State period for the oblique axle treadle loom to come into being and reach a peak in the Han Dynasty. After that time, it was used with the vertical frame but lost the importance gradually.
