Adult patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip develop secondary osteoarthritis and eventually end up with total hip arthroplasty(THA) at younger age. Because of altered anatomy of dysplastic hips, THA in thes...Adult patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip develop secondary osteoarthritis and eventually end up with total hip arthroplasty(THA) at younger age. Because of altered anatomy of dysplastic hips, THA in these patients represents technically demanding procedure. Distorted anatomy of the acetabulum and proximal femur together with conjoined leg length discrepancy present major challenges during performing THA in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. In addition, most patients are at younger age, therefore, soft tissue balance is of great importance(especially the need to preserve the continuity of abductors) to maximise postoperative functional result. In this paper we present a variety of surgical techniques availablefor THA in dysplastic hips, their advantages and disadvantages. For acetabular reconstruction following techniques are described: Standard metal augments(prefabricated), Custom made acetabular augments(3D printing), Roof reconstruction with vascularized fibula, Roof reconstruction with pedicled iliac graft, Roof reconstruction with autologous bone graft, Roof reconstruction with homologous bone graft, Roof reconstruction with auto/homologous spongious bone, Reinforcement ring with the hook in combination with autologous graft augmentation, Cranial positioning of the acetabulum, Medial protrusion technique(cotyloplasty) with chisel, Medial protrusion technique(cotyloplasty) with reaming, Cotyloplasty without spongioplasty. For femoral reconstruction following techniques were described: Distraction with external fixator, Femoral shortening through a modified lateral approach, Transtrochanteric osteotomies, Paavilainen osteotomy, Lesser trochanter osteotomy, Double-chevron osteotomy, Subtrochanteric osteotomies, Diaphyseal osteotomies, Distal femoral osteotomies. At the end we present author's treatment method of choice: for acetabulum we perform cotyloplasty leaving only paper-thin medial wall, which we break during acetabular cup impacting. For femoral side first we peel of all ro展开更多
目的研究闭合复位术治疗发育性髋脱位(DDH)的长期随访结果,评估导致股骨头缺血坏死(AVN)的相关因素。方法对DDH闭合复位后81例(106髋)进行平均3.6年的随访,Kalamchi and MacEwen分级评定缺血坏死,总结临床记录和影像学资料,...目的研究闭合复位术治疗发育性髋脱位(DDH)的长期随访结果,评估导致股骨头缺血坏死(AVN)的相关因素。方法对DDH闭合复位后81例(106髋)进行平均3.6年的随访,Kalamchi and MacEwen分级评定缺血坏死,总结临床记录和影像学资料,统计分析缺血坏死的相关因素。结果106髋中39髋发生缺血坏死(36.8%)。其中,股骨头骨化中心发育基本正常的59髋中,7髋发生缺血坏死(11.9%);骨化中心发育偏小的40髋中,27髋发生缺血坏死(67.5%);骨化中心延迟未出现的7髋中5髋发生缺血坏死(71.4%)。脱位程度越高发生缺血坏死的风险越大(P〈0.05)。其他因素:性别、复位年龄、石膏固定类型、内收肌合并髂腰肌切断与缺血坏死的发生均无显著统计学意义。结论闭合复位治疗发育性髋脱位,股骨头骨化中心发育延迟和高脱位与股骨头缺血坏死的发生相关。展开更多
目的通过对29例成人重度发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中远期疗效的分析,探讨评价THA治疗成人重度DDH的中远期疗效。方法 2007年3月至2011年12月,...目的通过对29例成人重度发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中远期疗效的分析,探讨评价THA治疗成人重度DDH的中远期疗效。方法 2007年3月至2011年12月,于本院骨科收治的29例(32髋)重度DDH患者;年龄为22-57岁,平均43岁。其中左侧18髋,右侧14髋。患髋Harris评分为(41.5±5.3)分。双下肢不等长,患侧短缩2-6 cm,平均4.2 cm,根据Crowe分型标准:III型10例(11髋),IV型19例(21髋)。患者主要临床症状为患侧髋关节疼痛、活动受限及跛行,部分患者存在腰部疼痛。X线、CT三维重建等辅助检查均显示患髋高度脱位或全脱位。所有患者均由同一主刀医生行人工THA治疗。29例获5-9年随访,平均6.5年。结果患者围手术期无手术短期并发症(血栓、感染、肺炎等),所有切口均为I期愈合,无髋关节脱位、坐骨神经损伤发生。2例股神经损伤均发生在术后2天,经对症治疗后均治愈。术后患者自述髋关节疼痛症状明显改善或消失,跛行步态比之术前明显好转,生活状态改善。末次随访双下肢长度相差-0.3-1.0 cm,平均0.4 cm。髋关节Harris评分:术后3个月(68.72±5.83)分;术后6个月(77.90±4.63)分;术后1年(86.53±2.65)分;术后2年(87.75±1.82)分;术后3年(87.88±1.59)分;术后4年(88.14±1.26)分;术后5年(88.4±1.1)分。因该组随访资料最短为5年,故采用术后第5年Harris评分与术前(41.5±5.3)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.845,P〈0.001)。复查双髋关节正位X线片可见,髋关节假体位置良好,无感染、骨溶解、松动、脱位现象。随访期间无翻修病例。结论人工THA治疗成人Crowe III-IV型DDH中远期疗效可靠,明显改善患者生存状态。展开更多
目的总结近期院内0-36个月的新生儿与婴儿髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)筛查情况,形成规范的新生儿与婴儿DDH筛查流程。方法我院出生新生儿由产科医师进行DDH的初步筛查,儿内科0-36个月住院患儿及儿外科0-3...目的总结近期院内0-36个月的新生儿与婴儿髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)筛查情况,形成规范的新生儿与婴儿DDH筛查流程。方法我院出生新生儿由产科医师进行DDH的初步筛查,儿内科0-36个月住院患儿及儿外科0-36个月的门诊就诊患者分别由儿科医师、儿外科医师进行DDH的初步筛查,可疑或异常者转诊至我院儿童骨科复筛,由儿童骨科医师对转诊儿童再次进行临床检查,并行双髋关节B超或者X线片进一步检查,可疑者定期复查直至确诊或排除。结果 2012年1月至2014年12月,共筛查婴幼儿22 396例,2699例行髋关节B超筛查,B超检查可疑和异常591例(755髋)转诊到儿童骨科。可疑患儿中61例(89髋)Ortolani或Barlow试验阳性,94例(131髋)骨盆正位X线片显示髋臼发育不良,最终76例(121髋)确诊为DDH。其中男21例(29髋),女55例(92髋);左91髋,右30髋;1-6个月13例(其中新生儿3例)1.95‰(13/6676),7-18个月49例7.09‰(49/6909),19-36个月14例1.59‰(14/8811),76例明确诊断DDH患儿中,7-18个月者49例,占64.47%;DDH的发病率为3.39‰(76/22 396)。结论本次筛查对象是0-36个月的新生儿与婴幼儿,这种筛查模式实现了对儿童DDH的早发现、早诊断,形成了符合本地区实际情况的规范筛查流程。展开更多
髋关节发育不良是因为髋臼先天性发育缺陷所导致长期生物力学异常而逐渐出现的股骨头半脱位或脱位,进而出现负重区软骨退变、软骨下骨坏死,最后发展为严重骨关节炎[1]。该疾病的患者往往在新生儿阶段即可出现髋关节的异常,因此在过去称...髋关节发育不良是因为髋臼先天性发育缺陷所导致长期生物力学异常而逐渐出现的股骨头半脱位或脱位,进而出现负重区软骨退变、软骨下骨坏死,最后发展为严重骨关节炎[1]。该疾病的患者往往在新生儿阶段即可出现髋关节的异常,因此在过去称之为先天性髋关节发育不良(congenital dysplasia of the hip,CDH)[2],因为该病的发展演变与年龄密切相关,展开更多
文摘Adult patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip develop secondary osteoarthritis and eventually end up with total hip arthroplasty(THA) at younger age. Because of altered anatomy of dysplastic hips, THA in these patients represents technically demanding procedure. Distorted anatomy of the acetabulum and proximal femur together with conjoined leg length discrepancy present major challenges during performing THA in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. In addition, most patients are at younger age, therefore, soft tissue balance is of great importance(especially the need to preserve the continuity of abductors) to maximise postoperative functional result. In this paper we present a variety of surgical techniques availablefor THA in dysplastic hips, their advantages and disadvantages. For acetabular reconstruction following techniques are described: Standard metal augments(prefabricated), Custom made acetabular augments(3D printing), Roof reconstruction with vascularized fibula, Roof reconstruction with pedicled iliac graft, Roof reconstruction with autologous bone graft, Roof reconstruction with homologous bone graft, Roof reconstruction with auto/homologous spongious bone, Reinforcement ring with the hook in combination with autologous graft augmentation, Cranial positioning of the acetabulum, Medial protrusion technique(cotyloplasty) with chisel, Medial protrusion technique(cotyloplasty) with reaming, Cotyloplasty without spongioplasty. For femoral reconstruction following techniques were described: Distraction with external fixator, Femoral shortening through a modified lateral approach, Transtrochanteric osteotomies, Paavilainen osteotomy, Lesser trochanter osteotomy, Double-chevron osteotomy, Subtrochanteric osteotomies, Diaphyseal osteotomies, Distal femoral osteotomies. At the end we present author's treatment method of choice: for acetabulum we perform cotyloplasty leaving only paper-thin medial wall, which we break during acetabular cup impacting. For femoral side first we peel of all ro
文摘目的研究闭合复位术治疗发育性髋脱位(DDH)的长期随访结果,评估导致股骨头缺血坏死(AVN)的相关因素。方法对DDH闭合复位后81例(106髋)进行平均3.6年的随访,Kalamchi and MacEwen分级评定缺血坏死,总结临床记录和影像学资料,统计分析缺血坏死的相关因素。结果106髋中39髋发生缺血坏死(36.8%)。其中,股骨头骨化中心发育基本正常的59髋中,7髋发生缺血坏死(11.9%);骨化中心发育偏小的40髋中,27髋发生缺血坏死(67.5%);骨化中心延迟未出现的7髋中5髋发生缺血坏死(71.4%)。脱位程度越高发生缺血坏死的风险越大(P〈0.05)。其他因素:性别、复位年龄、石膏固定类型、内收肌合并髂腰肌切断与缺血坏死的发生均无显著统计学意义。结论闭合复位治疗发育性髋脱位,股骨头骨化中心发育延迟和高脱位与股骨头缺血坏死的发生相关。
文摘目的通过对29例成人重度发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中远期疗效的分析,探讨评价THA治疗成人重度DDH的中远期疗效。方法 2007年3月至2011年12月,于本院骨科收治的29例(32髋)重度DDH患者;年龄为22-57岁,平均43岁。其中左侧18髋,右侧14髋。患髋Harris评分为(41.5±5.3)分。双下肢不等长,患侧短缩2-6 cm,平均4.2 cm,根据Crowe分型标准:III型10例(11髋),IV型19例(21髋)。患者主要临床症状为患侧髋关节疼痛、活动受限及跛行,部分患者存在腰部疼痛。X线、CT三维重建等辅助检查均显示患髋高度脱位或全脱位。所有患者均由同一主刀医生行人工THA治疗。29例获5-9年随访,平均6.5年。结果患者围手术期无手术短期并发症(血栓、感染、肺炎等),所有切口均为I期愈合,无髋关节脱位、坐骨神经损伤发生。2例股神经损伤均发生在术后2天,经对症治疗后均治愈。术后患者自述髋关节疼痛症状明显改善或消失,跛行步态比之术前明显好转,生活状态改善。末次随访双下肢长度相差-0.3-1.0 cm,平均0.4 cm。髋关节Harris评分:术后3个月(68.72±5.83)分;术后6个月(77.90±4.63)分;术后1年(86.53±2.65)分;术后2年(87.75±1.82)分;术后3年(87.88±1.59)分;术后4年(88.14±1.26)分;术后5年(88.4±1.1)分。因该组随访资料最短为5年,故采用术后第5年Harris评分与术前(41.5±5.3)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.845,P〈0.001)。复查双髋关节正位X线片可见,髋关节假体位置良好,无感染、骨溶解、松动、脱位现象。随访期间无翻修病例。结论人工THA治疗成人Crowe III-IV型DDH中远期疗效可靠,明显改善患者生存状态。
文摘目的总结近期院内0-36个月的新生儿与婴儿髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)筛查情况,形成规范的新生儿与婴儿DDH筛查流程。方法我院出生新生儿由产科医师进行DDH的初步筛查,儿内科0-36个月住院患儿及儿外科0-36个月的门诊就诊患者分别由儿科医师、儿外科医师进行DDH的初步筛查,可疑或异常者转诊至我院儿童骨科复筛,由儿童骨科医师对转诊儿童再次进行临床检查,并行双髋关节B超或者X线片进一步检查,可疑者定期复查直至确诊或排除。结果 2012年1月至2014年12月,共筛查婴幼儿22 396例,2699例行髋关节B超筛查,B超检查可疑和异常591例(755髋)转诊到儿童骨科。可疑患儿中61例(89髋)Ortolani或Barlow试验阳性,94例(131髋)骨盆正位X线片显示髋臼发育不良,最终76例(121髋)确诊为DDH。其中男21例(29髋),女55例(92髋);左91髋,右30髋;1-6个月13例(其中新生儿3例)1.95‰(13/6676),7-18个月49例7.09‰(49/6909),19-36个月14例1.59‰(14/8811),76例明确诊断DDH患儿中,7-18个月者49例,占64.47%;DDH的发病率为3.39‰(76/22 396)。结论本次筛查对象是0-36个月的新生儿与婴幼儿,这种筛查模式实现了对儿童DDH的早发现、早诊断,形成了符合本地区实际情况的规范筛查流程。
文摘髋关节发育不良是因为髋臼先天性发育缺陷所导致长期生物力学异常而逐渐出现的股骨头半脱位或脱位,进而出现负重区软骨退变、软骨下骨坏死,最后发展为严重骨关节炎[1]。该疾病的患者往往在新生儿阶段即可出现髋关节的异常,因此在过去称之为先天性髋关节发育不良(congenital dysplasia of the hip,CDH)[2],因为该病的发展演变与年龄密切相关,