采用低温固相燃烧法快速制备了一种具有{111}、{110}和{100}晶面的去顶角八面体LiNi_(0.08)Mn_(1.92)O_(4)(LNMO)正极材料,其高暴露{111}晶面可以减少充放电过程中Mn的溶解,面积相对较小的{110}和{100}晶面可增加Li^(+)快速扩散的通道....采用低温固相燃烧法快速制备了一种具有{111}、{110}和{100}晶面的去顶角八面体LiNi_(0.08)Mn_(1.92)O_(4)(LNMO)正极材料,其高暴露{111}晶面可以减少充放电过程中Mn的溶解,面积相对较小的{110}和{100}晶面可增加Li^(+)快速扩散的通道.测试结果表明,所合成的LNMO具有LiMn_(2)O_(4)特有的立方晶系结构,其颗粒尺寸为亚微米级.LNMO的高温电化学性能优异,在55℃,1和5 C的首次放电比容量分别为109.9和98.0 m Ah/g,分别循环300次后容量保持率为75.8%和80.5%;即使在55℃,10和15 C下分别循环1000次后仍具有48.4%和49.4%的容量保持率,而未掺杂的LiMn_(2)O_(4)于15 C循环1000次后容量损失高达98%.LNMO在55℃有较高的Li^(+)扩散系数(D=3.86×10^(-15)cm^(2)/s)和较小的电荷转移阻抗(循环前、后R_(ct)=158.0和279.8Ω)以及较低的表观活化能(E_(a)=17.63 k J/mol),说明Ni掺杂能够提高Li^(+)在尖晶石型LiMn_(2)O_(4)内的扩散速率及减小锂离子在脱嵌过程中的能垒,从而提高锂离子的扩散速率和倍率性能.对LNMO于55℃循环1000次后的极片进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析,发现LNMO电极材料的晶体结构基本保持不变,表明Ni掺杂提高了锰酸锂材料在55℃长循环过程中的晶体结构稳定性,有效抑制了Jahn-Teller效应及Mn的溶解,显著提升了其高温电化学性能.本工作为尖晶石LiMn_(2)O_(4)电极材料在高温方面的应用提供了借鉴.展开更多
A new quaternary rare-earth sulfide, Cs0.75(6)Er443(5)In3.32(6)S12 (1), is discovered by high temperature solid state reactions with a slight excess of CsCI flux. The structure is characterized by single-cryst...A new quaternary rare-earth sulfide, Cs0.75(6)Er443(5)In3.32(6)S12 (1), is discovered by high temperature solid state reactions with a slight excess of CsCI flux. The structure is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, while crystallizes in hexagonal space group P63/m (No. 176) with a = 12.0329(6), c = 3.8693(5)A, V= 485.18(7) A3, Z = 1, Mr = 1606.57, Dc = 5.499 g/cm3,μ = 25.457 mm-1, F(000) = 752, the final R = 0.0337 and wR = 0.0904 for 328 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Its structure features a three-dimensional framework with hexagonal channels that are centered by Cs cations. Such channels are formed by double chains of edge-sharing M(1)S6 (M(1) = Er(1)/In(1)) octahedra and single chains of Er(2)S6 triprism interconnected by corner-sharing. The syntheses, single-crystal analyses, optical band gap and magnetic property are reported.展开更多
随着发酵饲料的流行,工业化生产发酵饲料也成为热点。试验利用黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的合适配比进行固态发酵生产高蛋白饲料,并且设计了发酵饲料工业化生产的工艺流程。以粗蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI值)...随着发酵饲料的流行,工业化生产发酵饲料也成为热点。试验利用黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的合适配比进行固态发酵生产高蛋白饲料,并且设计了发酵饲料工业化生产的工艺流程。以粗蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI值)为指标,根据单因素确定的最佳发酵条件可知:豆粕添加量为95%,黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸杆菌的菌种比例为2:3:1:1,菌种比例接种量20%(v/m),料水比2:5,发酵时间120 h,发酵温度35℃,初始pH为7.3,MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O为2%,CaCl_(2)为1%,KH_(2)PO_(4)为1%。以豆粕为原料生产高蛋白饲料,发酵过程中为了满足菌种的生长,干物质损耗约在20%左右。因此,每日需要23.75 t豆粕、50 t生产用水、0.5 t MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O、0.25 t CaCl_(2)、0.5 t KH_(2)PO_(4),可生产饲料20 t。展开更多
文摘采用低温固相燃烧法快速制备了一种具有{111}、{110}和{100}晶面的去顶角八面体LiNi_(0.08)Mn_(1.92)O_(4)(LNMO)正极材料,其高暴露{111}晶面可以减少充放电过程中Mn的溶解,面积相对较小的{110}和{100}晶面可增加Li^(+)快速扩散的通道.测试结果表明,所合成的LNMO具有LiMn_(2)O_(4)特有的立方晶系结构,其颗粒尺寸为亚微米级.LNMO的高温电化学性能优异,在55℃,1和5 C的首次放电比容量分别为109.9和98.0 m Ah/g,分别循环300次后容量保持率为75.8%和80.5%;即使在55℃,10和15 C下分别循环1000次后仍具有48.4%和49.4%的容量保持率,而未掺杂的LiMn_(2)O_(4)于15 C循环1000次后容量损失高达98%.LNMO在55℃有较高的Li^(+)扩散系数(D=3.86×10^(-15)cm^(2)/s)和较小的电荷转移阻抗(循环前、后R_(ct)=158.0和279.8Ω)以及较低的表观活化能(E_(a)=17.63 k J/mol),说明Ni掺杂能够提高Li^(+)在尖晶石型LiMn_(2)O_(4)内的扩散速率及减小锂离子在脱嵌过程中的能垒,从而提高锂离子的扩散速率和倍率性能.对LNMO于55℃循环1000次后的极片进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析,发现LNMO电极材料的晶体结构基本保持不变,表明Ni掺杂提高了锰酸锂材料在55℃长循环过程中的晶体结构稳定性,有效抑制了Jahn-Teller效应及Mn的溶解,显著提升了其高温电化学性能.本工作为尖晶石LiMn_(2)O_(4)电极材料在高温方面的应用提供了借鉴.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(90922021,20773130,20733003,20803080,20973175)"Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"(KJCX2-YW-H20,CXJJ-11-M71)
文摘A new quaternary rare-earth sulfide, Cs0.75(6)Er443(5)In3.32(6)S12 (1), is discovered by high temperature solid state reactions with a slight excess of CsCI flux. The structure is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, while crystallizes in hexagonal space group P63/m (No. 176) with a = 12.0329(6), c = 3.8693(5)A, V= 485.18(7) A3, Z = 1, Mr = 1606.57, Dc = 5.499 g/cm3,μ = 25.457 mm-1, F(000) = 752, the final R = 0.0337 and wR = 0.0904 for 328 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Its structure features a three-dimensional framework with hexagonal channels that are centered by Cs cations. Such channels are formed by double chains of edge-sharing M(1)S6 (M(1) = Er(1)/In(1)) octahedra and single chains of Er(2)S6 triprism interconnected by corner-sharing. The syntheses, single-crystal analyses, optical band gap and magnetic property are reported.
文摘随着发酵饲料的流行,工业化生产发酵饲料也成为热点。试验利用黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的合适配比进行固态发酵生产高蛋白饲料,并且设计了发酵饲料工业化生产的工艺流程。以粗蛋白含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI值)为指标,根据单因素确定的最佳发酵条件可知:豆粕添加量为95%,黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸杆菌的菌种比例为2:3:1:1,菌种比例接种量20%(v/m),料水比2:5,发酵时间120 h,发酵温度35℃,初始pH为7.3,MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O为2%,CaCl_(2)为1%,KH_(2)PO_(4)为1%。以豆粕为原料生产高蛋白饲料,发酵过程中为了满足菌种的生长,干物质损耗约在20%左右。因此,每日需要23.75 t豆粕、50 t生产用水、0.5 t MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O、0.25 t CaCl_(2)、0.5 t KH_(2)PO_(4),可生产饲料20 t。