Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed with I.D.of 81?mm and height of 1600?mm to investigate NO x emissions from incineration of waste water,which contains hexamethylenediamine of 4.5% and dilute HNO 3 of 1.25...Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed with I.D.of 81?mm and height of 1600?mm to investigate NO x emissions from incineration of waste water,which contains hexamethylenediamine of 4.5% and dilute HNO 3 of 1.25%.The result shows that decomposition products of dilute HNO 3 water solution are NO and NO 2.NO is the main product,which represents more than 90% of total NO x.The conversion ratio of HNO 3 converted to NO x is about 95%～96%.The results of incinerating organic waste water in a temperature range from 800?℃ to 950?℃ shows that,under non-staged combustion condition,the de-NO x ratio is only about 46%～61% at oxygen concentration of 11%.Staged combustion was adopted to further decrease NO x emission.The experimental data indicate that the NO x emission can be reduced very efficiently,the de-NO x ratio is increased up to 86%-93%.It was found that the presence of hexamethylenediamine is positive for reduction of NO x emission.950?℃ is the optimal operation temperature for incineration of the examined waste water,concerning the NO x reduction.展开更多
Hexamethylenediamine(HMDA) is an important reagent for the synthesis of Nylon-6,6, and it is usually produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile using a toxic reagent of hydrocyanic acid. Herein, we developed an env...Hexamethylenediamine(HMDA) is an important reagent for the synthesis of Nylon-6,6, and it is usually produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile using a toxic reagent of hydrocyanic acid. Herein, we developed an environmental friendly route to produce HMDA via catalytic reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol(HDO) in the presence of hydrogen. The activities of several heterogeneous metal catalysts such as supported Ni, Co, Ru, Pt, Pd catalysts were screened for the present reaction in supercritical ammonia without any additives. Among the catalysts examined, Ru/Al_2O_3 presented a high catalytic activity and highest selectivity for the desired product of HMDA. The high performance of Ru/Al_2O_3 was discussed based on the Ru dispersion and the surface properties like the acid-basicity. In addition, the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature,time, H_2 and NH_3 pressure were examined, and the reaction processes were discussed in detail.展开更多
Various crosslinking agents can be added to the formulations of natural-based adhesives for wood bonding in order to achieve better durability and higher strength of the formed joints.In the present study,the effect o...Various crosslinking agents can be added to the formulations of natural-based adhesives for wood bonding in order to achieve better durability and higher strength of the formed joints.In the present study,the effect of hexamethylenediamine(HMDA)addition on the performance of liquefied wood(LW)adhesive for wood bonding is investigated.Differential scanning calorimetry showed the improved thermal stability and crosslinking of the LW adhesive with HMDA.The intensified presence of amide linkages(C–N bonds)was found in LW+HMDA with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Analysis of the bonded joints using an automated bonding evaluation system showed that a higher press temperature resulted in stronger bonds for both types of adhesives.Moreover,the addition of HMDA to LW adhesive improved the bond strength of the joints and accelerated the crosslinking of the adhesive.However,with a tensile shear strength of(6.76±2.16)N×mm^(−2)(for LW)and(6.89±2.10)N×mm^(−2)(for LW+HMDA),both adhesives were found to be unsuitable for interior non-structural use.In addition,the acidity of LW resulted in relatively high wood failure(70%)in the adhesive joints tested.Improved crosslinking of LW with HMDA was reflected in improved resistance of LW+HMDA adhesive joints to water degradation.In conclusion,HMDA is a promising additive for improving the adhesive performance of LW adhesives.展开更多
文摘Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed with I.D.of 81?mm and height of 1600?mm to investigate NO x emissions from incineration of waste water,which contains hexamethylenediamine of 4.5% and dilute HNO 3 of 1.25%.The result shows that decomposition products of dilute HNO 3 water solution are NO and NO 2.NO is the main product,which represents more than 90% of total NO x.The conversion ratio of HNO 3 converted to NO x is about 95%～96%.The results of incinerating organic waste water in a temperature range from 800?℃ to 950?℃ shows that,under non-staged combustion condition,the de-NO x ratio is only about 46%～61% at oxygen concentration of 11%.Staged combustion was adopted to further decrease NO x emission.The experimental data indicate that the NO x emission can be reduced very efficiently,the de-NO x ratio is increased up to 86%-93%.It was found that the presence of hexamethylenediamine is positive for reduction of NO x emission.950?℃ is the optimal operation temperature for incineration of the examined waste water,concerning the NO x reduction.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0602900)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2016206)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Program of China(20150301012GX)
文摘Hexamethylenediamine(HMDA) is an important reagent for the synthesis of Nylon-6,6, and it is usually produced by the hydrogenation of adiponitrile using a toxic reagent of hydrocyanic acid. Herein, we developed an environmental friendly route to produce HMDA via catalytic reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol(HDO) in the presence of hydrogen. The activities of several heterogeneous metal catalysts such as supported Ni, Co, Ru, Pt, Pd catalysts were screened for the present reaction in supercritical ammonia without any additives. Among the catalysts examined, Ru/Al_2O_3 presented a high catalytic activity and highest selectivity for the desired product of HMDA. The high performance of Ru/Al_2O_3 was discussed based on the Ru dispersion and the surface properties like the acid-basicity. In addition, the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature,time, H_2 and NH_3 pressure were examined, and the reaction processes were discussed in detail.
文摘Various crosslinking agents can be added to the formulations of natural-based adhesives for wood bonding in order to achieve better durability and higher strength of the formed joints.In the present study,the effect of hexamethylenediamine(HMDA)addition on the performance of liquefied wood(LW)adhesive for wood bonding is investigated.Differential scanning calorimetry showed the improved thermal stability and crosslinking of the LW adhesive with HMDA.The intensified presence of amide linkages(C–N bonds)was found in LW+HMDA with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Analysis of the bonded joints using an automated bonding evaluation system showed that a higher press temperature resulted in stronger bonds for both types of adhesives.Moreover,the addition of HMDA to LW adhesive improved the bond strength of the joints and accelerated the crosslinking of the adhesive.However,with a tensile shear strength of(6.76±2.16)N×mm^(−2)(for LW)and(6.89±2.10)N×mm^(−2)(for LW+HMDA),both adhesives were found to be unsuitable for interior non-structural use.In addition,the acidity of LW resulted in relatively high wood failure(70%)in the adhesive joints tested.Improved crosslinking of LW with HMDA was reflected in improved resistance of LW+HMDA adhesive joints to water degradation.In conclusion,HMDA is a promising additive for improving the adhesive performance of LW adhesives.
