The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heter...The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heterogeneities into account based on an integration of the extended stochastic impacts using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model on population, affluence, and technology. Population size, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption pattern, energy prices, and economy openness are identified as the key driving factors of regional carbon dioxide emissions and examined through the empirical data for 30 provinces during 2006-2010. The results show the driving factors and their spillover effects have distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Most of the estimated time and space coefficients are consistent with expectation. According to the results of this study, the heterogeneous spatial and temporal effects should be taken into account when designing policies to achieve the goals of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in different regions.展开更多
Earthquakes exhibit clear clustering on the earth. It is important to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of seismicity clusters and their spatial heterogeneity. We analyze effects of plate space, tectonic st...Earthquakes exhibit clear clustering on the earth. It is important to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of seismicity clusters and their spatial heterogeneity. We analyze effects of plate space, tectonic style, and their interaction on characteristic of cluster.Based on data of earthquakes not less than moment magnitude(M_w) 5.6 from 1960 to 2014, this study used the spatial-temporal scan method to identify earthquake clusters. The results indicate that seismic spatial-temporal clusters can be classified into two types based on duration: persistent clusters and burst clusters. Finally, we analysed the spatial heterogeneity of the two types. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Ninety percent of the persistent clusters last for 22-38 yr and show a high clustering likelihood;ninety percent of the burst clusters last for 1-1.78 yr and show a high relative risk. 2) The persistent clusters are mainly distributed in interplate zones, especially along the western margin of the Pacific Ocean. The burst clusters are distributed in both intraplate and interplate zones, slightly concentrated in the India-Eurasia interaction zone. 3) For the persistent type, plate interaction plays an important role in the distribution of the clusters’ likelihood and relative risk. In addition, the tectonic style further enhances the spatial heterogeneity. 4) For the burst type,neither plate activity nor tectonic style has an obvious effect on the distribution of the clusters’ likelihood and relative risk. Nevertheless,interaction between these two spatial factors enhances the spatial heterogeneity, especially in terms of relative risk.展开更多
Landscape ecological pattern mode emphasized the control and influence of landscape space pattern on the process, and through the change of pattern, it could preserve the health and safety of landscape function flow. ...Landscape ecological pattern mode emphasized the control and influence of landscape space pattern on the process, and through the change of pattern, it could preserve the health and safety of landscape function flow. The study methods of landscape ecological pattern included static analysis and dynamic analysis. Establishing integrated ecological infrastructure by utilizing ecological security pattern methods was the basis for urban ecological environment planning, which provided theoretical foundation and practicable means for ecological city construction, and which could be applied in the analysis of basic characteristics of urban landscape ecology and current status of urban landscape security pattern, and in the planning of urban landscape ecological pattern. By taking Xi'an City for example, it could analyze eco-environment and composition of landscape ecological pattern in Xi'an by adopting static analysis. It had concluded the distribution and features of ecological bases, corridors and patches in Xi'an. Meanwhile, it had made a summarization of fragmentation of base pattern, artificialization of corridors, and decentralization of patches at built up areas, hoping to provide theoretical basis for researches and completion of ecological pattern in Xi'an City.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the earlier version of this paper and Dr. Leo Lester for proof reading. Valuable discussion and suggestions from Professor Tasawar Hayat and Professor Ahmed Alsaedi are highly appreciated. This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 71473242, 71403285, and 71403017）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB955700）, and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. XDA05140300）.
文摘The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heterogeneities into account based on an integration of the extended stochastic impacts using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model on population, affluence, and technology. Population size, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption pattern, energy prices, and economy openness are identified as the key driving factors of regional carbon dioxide emissions and examined through the empirical data for 30 provinces during 2006-2010. The results show the driving factors and their spillover effects have distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Most of the estimated time and space coefficients are consistent with expectation. According to the results of this study, the heterogeneous spatial and temporal effects should be taken into account when designing policies to achieve the goals of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in different regions.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771537)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Earthquakes exhibit clear clustering on the earth. It is important to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of seismicity clusters and their spatial heterogeneity. We analyze effects of plate space, tectonic style, and their interaction on characteristic of cluster.Based on data of earthquakes not less than moment magnitude(M_w) 5.6 from 1960 to 2014, this study used the spatial-temporal scan method to identify earthquake clusters. The results indicate that seismic spatial-temporal clusters can be classified into two types based on duration: persistent clusters and burst clusters. Finally, we analysed the spatial heterogeneity of the two types. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Ninety percent of the persistent clusters last for 22-38 yr and show a high clustering likelihood;ninety percent of the burst clusters last for 1-1.78 yr and show a high relative risk. 2) The persistent clusters are mainly distributed in interplate zones, especially along the western margin of the Pacific Ocean. The burst clusters are distributed in both intraplate and interplate zones, slightly concentrated in the India-Eurasia interaction zone. 3) For the persistent type, plate interaction plays an important role in the distribution of the clusters’ likelihood and relative risk. In addition, the tectonic style further enhances the spatial heterogeneity. 4) For the burst type,neither plate activity nor tectonic style has an obvious effect on the distribution of the clusters’ likelihood and relative risk. Nevertheless,interaction between these two spatial factors enhances the spatial heterogeneity, especially in terms of relative risk.
基金Supported by Fund Project of Department of Education of Shaanxi Province (09JK136)~~
文摘Landscape ecological pattern mode emphasized the control and influence of landscape space pattern on the process, and through the change of pattern, it could preserve the health and safety of landscape function flow. The study methods of landscape ecological pattern included static analysis and dynamic analysis. Establishing integrated ecological infrastructure by utilizing ecological security pattern methods was the basis for urban ecological environment planning, which provided theoretical foundation and practicable means for ecological city construction, and which could be applied in the analysis of basic characteristics of urban landscape ecology and current status of urban landscape security pattern, and in the planning of urban landscape ecological pattern. By taking Xi'an City for example, it could analyze eco-environment and composition of landscape ecological pattern in Xi'an by adopting static analysis. It had concluded the distribution and features of ecological bases, corridors and patches in Xi'an. Meanwhile, it had made a summarization of fragmentation of base pattern, artificialization of corridors, and decentralization of patches at built up areas, hoping to provide theoretical basis for researches and completion of ecological pattern in Xi'an City.
