植食性昆虫的天敌能够利用虫害诱导的挥发物进行有效的寄主或猎物定位。为了开发稻飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang的引诱剂,分别在室内和室外检测了多种褐飞虱诱导的水稻挥发物组分对褐飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小...植食性昆虫的天敌能够利用虫害诱导的挥发物进行有效的寄主或猎物定位。为了开发稻飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang的引诱剂,分别在室内和室外检测了多种褐飞虱诱导的水稻挥发物组分对褐飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用。Y型嗅觉仪实验结果表明,5种单一化合物,Z-3-己烯乙酸酯,1-戊烯基-3-醇,Z-3-己烯醛,芳樟醇和水杨酸甲酯,以及3种混合物,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛,Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,对稻虱缨小蜂具有明显引诱作用。田间试验表明,3种单一化合物,Z-3-己烯乙酸酯,Z-3-己烯醛和芳樟醇,以及一种混合物,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,能明显提高稻虱缨小蜂对褐飞虱卵的寄生作用。这些结果对于改善褐飞虱治理具有重要的意义。展开更多
After herbivore attack, many plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles （HIPVs）. HIPVs can attract carnivores and/or repel herbivores, thereby mediating tritrophic plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions. HIPVs ac...After herbivore attack, many plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles （HIPVs）. HIPVs can attract carnivores and/or repel herbivores, thereby mediating tritrophic plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions. HIPVs act as chemical information between or- ganisms; hence, their variability and stability are vital. In the present study, variations in the volatile emissions, from the tea plant Camellia sinensis （O. Ktze） damaged by the tea weevil Myllocerinus aurolineatus （Voss） （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, with weevil densities, pho- toperiod and infestation duration, were investigated. The volatiles induced by high-density weevils were more abundant in composition and amount than those induced by low-density weevils, whether at noon, night or after weevil removal. The induced volatile emissions were similar on the second and third day after infestation, and the emissions of the major induced compounds displayed diurnal cycles. Linalool, （E,E）-α-farnesene, and benzyl ni- trile were emitted mainly at noon, whereas 1,3,8-p-menthatriene and （E）-β-ocimene were maximally emitted at night. Given the different emission dynamics, significant differences were found between noon- and night-induced volatiles. In summary, tea plants damaged by different weevil densities emitted a relatively stable signal at a particular time. This stability could be attributed to the similarities under the two densities of the main induced volatile compounds, their relative ratios and the emission dynamics of the induced volatiles.展开更多
【目的】为明确枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂Pseudotorymus jaapiellae Yang et Chen对枸杞红瘿蚊Gephyraulus lycantha Jiao&Kolesik诱导产生虫瘿挥发物的选择差异性,解析影响其寄主选择的信息化学物质。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪,测定枸杞...【目的】为明确枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂Pseudotorymus jaapiellae Yang et Chen对枸杞红瘿蚊Gephyraulus lycantha Jiao&Kolesik诱导产生虫瘿挥发物的选择差异性,解析影响其寄主选择的信息化学物质。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪,测定枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂的孕卵雌蜂对受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的幼嫩虫瘿和成熟虫瘿挥发物的行为选择偏好;通过顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析影响该寄生蜂产卵选择的不同发育阶段虫瘿挥发物成分变化与差异。【结果】与枸杞健康花蕾相比,枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂明显趋向于选择受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的虫瘿,尤其是幼嫩虫瘿对孕卵雌蜂具有更显著的吸引作用(P<0.01),其中有95%的寄生蜂选择幼嫩虫瘿,仅有5%的寄生蜂选择健康花蕾;不同发育阶段虫瘿与健康花蕾的挥发物种类和释放量存在明显差异,幼嫩虫瘿的挥发物种类最多,达61种,成熟虫瘿和健康花蕾分别为52种和54种;酮类和萜类化合物是枸杞花蕾受害后新出现的物质,其中萜类化合物仅存在于幼嫩虫瘿中,酮类化合物随着虫瘿的成熟,其含量逐渐升高。【结论】枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂能够通过对枸杞不同发育阶段受害虫瘿的特异性挥发物进行寄主识别,从而定位寄主,实现对害虫枸杞红瘿蚊的种群调控。展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB126200)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-21)
文摘植食性昆虫的天敌能够利用虫害诱导的挥发物进行有效的寄主或猎物定位。为了开发稻飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang的引诱剂,分别在室内和室外检测了多种褐飞虱诱导的水稻挥发物组分对褐飞虱卵期天敌稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用。Y型嗅觉仪实验结果表明,5种单一化合物,Z-3-己烯乙酸酯,1-戊烯基-3-醇,Z-3-己烯醛,芳樟醇和水杨酸甲酯,以及3种混合物,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛,Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,对稻虱缨小蜂具有明显引诱作用。田间试验表明,3种单一化合物,Z-3-己烯乙酸酯,Z-3-己烯醛和芳樟醇,以及一种混合物,水杨酸甲酯+Z-3-己烯醛+Z-3-己烯乙酸酯+芳樟醇,能明显提高稻虱缨小蜂对褐飞虱卵的寄生作用。这些结果对于改善褐飞虱治理具有重要的意义。
文摘After herbivore attack, many plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles （HIPVs）. HIPVs can attract carnivores and/or repel herbivores, thereby mediating tritrophic plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions. HIPVs act as chemical information between or- ganisms; hence, their variability and stability are vital. In the present study, variations in the volatile emissions, from the tea plant Camellia sinensis （O. Ktze） damaged by the tea weevil Myllocerinus aurolineatus （Voss） （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, with weevil densities, pho- toperiod and infestation duration, were investigated. The volatiles induced by high-density weevils were more abundant in composition and amount than those induced by low-density weevils, whether at noon, night or after weevil removal. The induced volatile emissions were similar on the second and third day after infestation, and the emissions of the major induced compounds displayed diurnal cycles. Linalool, （E,E）-α-farnesene, and benzyl ni- trile were emitted mainly at noon, whereas 1,3,8-p-menthatriene and （E）-β-ocimene were maximally emitted at night. Given the different emission dynamics, significant differences were found between noon- and night-induced volatiles. In summary, tea plants damaged by different weevil densities emitted a relatively stable signal at a particular time. This stability could be attributed to the similarities under the two densities of the main induced volatile compounds, their relative ratios and the emission dynamics of the induced volatiles.
文摘【目的】为明确枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂Pseudotorymus jaapiellae Yang et Chen对枸杞红瘿蚊Gephyraulus lycantha Jiao&Kolesik诱导产生虫瘿挥发物的选择差异性,解析影响其寄主选择的信息化学物质。【方法】采用Y型嗅觉仪,测定枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂的孕卵雌蜂对受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的幼嫩虫瘿和成熟虫瘿挥发物的行为选择偏好;通过顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析影响该寄生蜂产卵选择的不同发育阶段虫瘿挥发物成分变化与差异。【结果】与枸杞健康花蕾相比,枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂明显趋向于选择受枸杞红瘿蚊为害的虫瘿,尤其是幼嫩虫瘿对孕卵雌蜂具有更显著的吸引作用(P<0.01),其中有95%的寄生蜂选择幼嫩虫瘿,仅有5%的寄生蜂选择健康花蕾;不同发育阶段虫瘿与健康花蕾的挥发物种类和释放量存在明显差异,幼嫩虫瘿的挥发物种类最多,达61种,成熟虫瘿和健康花蕾分别为52种和54种;酮类和萜类化合物是枸杞花蕾受害后新出现的物质,其中萜类化合物仅存在于幼嫩虫瘿中,酮类化合物随着虫瘿的成熟,其含量逐渐升高。【结论】枸杞红瘿蚊拟长尾小蜂能够通过对枸杞不同发育阶段受害虫瘿的特异性挥发物进行寄主识别,从而定位寄主,实现对害虫枸杞红瘿蚊的种群调控。
