Populus euphratica trees are the sole natural perennial riparian woodlands native to the river oases in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin in northwestern China.This study investigated characteristics of the stem ...Populus euphratica trees are the sole natural perennial riparian woodlands native to the river oases in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin in northwestern China.This study investigated characteristics of the stem sap flux of Populus euphratica and its rela-tionship to environmental factors using the thermal dissipation probe(TDP) method.The results showed that(1) daily variation of sap flow of P.euphratica on clear days exhibited an obvious unimodal curve;sap flow rates in June,July,August,and September were 13.39,12.07,12.69,and 5.10 L/d,respectively;(2) the average transpiration of the Populus euphratica from June through September amounted to 1,309.84 L;(3) stem sap flow can be affected by a number of environmental factors that,in terms of the influential degree,can be arranged in the descending order of air temperature,soil moisture,relative humidity,total solar radiation,soil temperature,and wind velocity.展开更多
Transient diffusion equations arise in many branches of engineering and applied sciences(e.g.,heat transfer and mass transfer),and are parabolic partial differential equations.It is well-known that these equations sat...Transient diffusion equations arise in many branches of engineering and applied sciences(e.g.,heat transfer and mass transfer),and are parabolic partial differential equations.It is well-known that these equations satisfy important mathematical properties like maximum principles and the non-negative constraint,which have implications in mathematical modeling.However,existing numerical formulations for these types of equations do not,in general,satisfy maximum principles and the nonnegative constraint.In this paper,we present a methodology for enforcing maximum principles and the non-negative constraint for transient anisotropic diffusion equation.The proposed methodology is based on the method of horizontal lines in which the time is discretized first.This results in solving steady anisotropic diffusion equation with decay equation at every discrete time-level.We also present other plausible temporal discretizations,and illustrate their shortcomings in meeting maximum principles and the non-negative constraint.The proposedmethodology can handle general computational grids with no additional restrictions on the time-step.We illustrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed methodology using representative numerical examples.We also perform a numerical convergence analysis of the proposed methodology.For comparison,we also present the results from the standard singlefield semi-discrete formulation and the results froma popular software package,which all will violate maximum principles and the non-negative constraint.展开更多
为了消除插值图像在边缘的锯齿现象、在平坦区域的分块现象,提出了一种变指数变分模型的图像插值方法。通过对变指数变分模型扩散特性的研究,引入了一个满足插值扩散特性的指数函数。指数函数中的两个参数实现两方面的功能:一个参数控...为了消除插值图像在边缘的锯齿现象、在平坦区域的分块现象,提出了一种变指数变分模型的图像插值方法。通过对变指数变分模型扩散特性的研究,引入了一个满足插值扩散特性的指数函数。指数函数中的两个参数实现两方面的功能:一个参数控制扩散强度从而减小图像边缘宽度,另一个控制平滑强度从而保持细小的纹理。这个新的变指数变分模型使总变差(TV)模型沿着图像轮廓方向扩散消除锯齿现象,而热扩散在图像平坦区域起光滑作用消除分块现象。数值实验结果显示,该方法能很好地重建插值图像的边缘。与Chen等的方法(CHEN Y M,LEVINE S,RAO M.Variable exponent,linear growth functionals in image restoration.SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics,2006,66(4):1383-1406)以及鲁棒软决策插值方法相比,所提方法对细微纹理的保持有明显的视觉效果改善,平均结构相似度(MSSIM)指标提高0.03左右。该模型对进一步研究符合具体图像处理任务的变指数变分模型具有一定的探索意义,对图像网络传输、打印等具有很强的实际应用价值。展开更多
The current paper explores the behavior of the thermal radiation on the time-independent flow of mi-cropolar fluid past a vertical stretching surface with the interaction of a transverse magnetic field.The ef-fect of ...The current paper explores the behavior of the thermal radiation on the time-independent flow of mi-cropolar fluid past a vertical stretching surface with the interaction of a transverse magnetic field.The ef-fect of thermo-diffusion(Soret)along with the heat source is incorporated to enhance the thermal prop-erties.Also,the convective solutal condition is considered that affects the mass transfer phenomenon.The transformed equations are modeled using suitable similarity transformation.However,the complex cou-pled equations are handled mathematically employing the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method.The behavior of characterizing parameters on the flow phenomena as well as the engineering coefficients are displayed via graphs and the validation of the current outcome is reported with the previously published results in particular cases.展开更多
基金funded by the State Basic Research Planning Development Engineering-project (2009CB421303-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40501012)the Knowledge Innovation Program from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-XB2-04)
文摘Populus euphratica trees are the sole natural perennial riparian woodlands native to the river oases in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin in northwestern China.This study investigated characteristics of the stem sap flux of Populus euphratica and its rela-tionship to environmental factors using the thermal dissipation probe(TDP) method.The results showed that(1) daily variation of sap flow of P.euphratica on clear days exhibited an obvious unimodal curve;sap flow rates in June,July,August,and September were 13.39,12.07,12.69,and 5.10 L/d,respectively;(2) the average transpiration of the Populus euphratica from June through September amounted to 1,309.84 L;(3) stem sap flow can be affected by a number of environmental factors that,in terms of the influential degree,can be arranged in the descending order of air temperature,soil moisture,relative humidity,total solar radiation,soil temperature,and wind velocity.
基金K.B.N.and M.S.acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under GrantNo.CMMI 1068181.K.B.N.also acknowledges the supports fromtheDOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Nuclear Energy University Programs(NEUP)The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect that of the sponsors。
文摘Transient diffusion equations arise in many branches of engineering and applied sciences(e.g.,heat transfer and mass transfer),and are parabolic partial differential equations.It is well-known that these equations satisfy important mathematical properties like maximum principles and the non-negative constraint,which have implications in mathematical modeling.However,existing numerical formulations for these types of equations do not,in general,satisfy maximum principles and the nonnegative constraint.In this paper,we present a methodology for enforcing maximum principles and the non-negative constraint for transient anisotropic diffusion equation.The proposed methodology is based on the method of horizontal lines in which the time is discretized first.This results in solving steady anisotropic diffusion equation with decay equation at every discrete time-level.We also present other plausible temporal discretizations,and illustrate their shortcomings in meeting maximum principles and the non-negative constraint.The proposedmethodology can handle general computational grids with no additional restrictions on the time-step.We illustrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed methodology using representative numerical examples.We also perform a numerical convergence analysis of the proposed methodology.For comparison,we also present the results from the standard singlefield semi-discrete formulation and the results froma popular software package,which all will violate maximum principles and the non-negative constraint.
文摘为了消除插值图像在边缘的锯齿现象、在平坦区域的分块现象,提出了一种变指数变分模型的图像插值方法。通过对变指数变分模型扩散特性的研究,引入了一个满足插值扩散特性的指数函数。指数函数中的两个参数实现两方面的功能:一个参数控制扩散强度从而减小图像边缘宽度,另一个控制平滑强度从而保持细小的纹理。这个新的变指数变分模型使总变差(TV)模型沿着图像轮廓方向扩散消除锯齿现象,而热扩散在图像平坦区域起光滑作用消除分块现象。数值实验结果显示,该方法能很好地重建插值图像的边缘。与Chen等的方法(CHEN Y M,LEVINE S,RAO M.Variable exponent,linear growth functionals in image restoration.SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics,2006,66(4):1383-1406)以及鲁棒软决策插值方法相比,所提方法对细微纹理的保持有明显的视觉效果改善,平均结构相似度(MSSIM)指标提高0.03左右。该模型对进一步研究符合具体图像处理任务的变指数变分模型具有一定的探索意义,对图像网络传输、打印等具有很强的实际应用价值。
文摘The current paper explores the behavior of the thermal radiation on the time-independent flow of mi-cropolar fluid past a vertical stretching surface with the interaction of a transverse magnetic field.The ef-fect of thermo-diffusion(Soret)along with the heat source is incorporated to enhance the thermal prop-erties.Also,the convective solutal condition is considered that affects the mass transfer phenomenon.The transformed equations are modeled using suitable similarity transformation.However,the complex cou-pled equations are handled mathematically employing the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method.The behavior of characterizing parameters on the flow phenomena as well as the engineering coefficients are displayed via graphs and the validation of the current outcome is reported with the previously published results in particular cases.
