Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions...Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications.展开更多
‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including au...‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,tic disorder/Tourette’s syndrome,developmental language disorders and intellectual disability.Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability.Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm.Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental,emotional,behavioural,and intellectual disorders(NDEBIDs)in this paper.Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries,up to 15%,based on varying methodologies and definitions.NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/adolescent mental health(CAMH)professionals,working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care,education,allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector.Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity,and often complicated by subthreshold diagnoses.Despite repeated reviews,limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research.The recently developed“Mental,Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder”chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward.In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID,enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.展开更多
基金funded by the The 111 project of the Education Ministry of China(B18053)The National Natural Science Foundation(32130081).
文摘Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications.
文摘‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,tic disorder/Tourette’s syndrome,developmental language disorders and intellectual disability.Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability.Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm.Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental,emotional,behavioural,and intellectual disorders(NDEBIDs)in this paper.Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries,up to 15%,based on varying methodologies and definitions.NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/adolescent mental health(CAMH)professionals,working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care,education,allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector.Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity,and often complicated by subthreshold diagnoses.Despite repeated reviews,limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research.The recently developed“Mental,Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder”chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward.In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID,enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.
