The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , where...The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper 展开更多
健康期望寿命是人群健康综合测量的代表性指标,在国际上已得到广泛研究和应用。重点介绍了健康期望寿命指标的分类,对健康状态期望(health state expectancy,HSE)和健康调整期望寿命(health-adjusted life ex-pectancy,HALE)两类指标群...健康期望寿命是人群健康综合测量的代表性指标,在国际上已得到广泛研究和应用。重点介绍了健康期望寿命指标的分类,对健康状态期望(health state expectancy,HSE)和健康调整期望寿命(health-adjusted life ex-pectancy,HALE)两类指标群进行了评价与比较,提出适宜研究资料的缺乏与计算方法的分歧是当前国内健康期望寿命研究应着力解决的两大重要问题。展开更多
目的分析2020―2050年中国老年人口健康预期寿命(health expectancy,HE)及其性别差异的变化趋势,为中国人口长寿和健康之间的关系及其性别差异在未来的发展趋势提供证据和线索。方法基于2010年人口普查数据和1987年、2006年全国残疾人...目的分析2020―2050年中国老年人口健康预期寿命(health expectancy,HE)及其性别差异的变化趋势,为中国人口长寿和健康之间的关系及其性别差异在未来的发展趋势提供证据和线索。方法基于2010年人口普查数据和1987年、2006年全国残疾人抽样调查数据,使用多状态人口预测模型(population-development-environment Analysis,PDE)和流行病学计算方法预测了死亡率和残疾率。使用Sullivan方法估计了2020―2050年50岁及以上人口分性别、年龄的无残疾预期寿命(disability-free life expectancy,DFLE)和伴随残疾预期寿命(life expectancy with disability,LwD)。结果中国老年人口的预期寿命(life expectancy,LE)在2020―2050年持续上升。其中,女性中LE的上升由LwD的上升所主导,而男性中DFLE的贡献略高。在75岁以下的女性和65岁以下的男性中呈现“功能残障扩张”且男性中更不明显;整个研究期间,80岁及以上女性的余寿中会有超过一半的时间伴随残疾度过,占比高于男性。女性的DFLE高于男性,绝对性别差异整体上随时期缩小,但在高龄老人中相对保持稳定;女性DLFE的占比低于男性,在2040年之后相对差异开始缩小,且在高龄老人中更明显。结论未来中国老年人口的功能状况可能会不断恶化。虽然在2040年之后DFLE的相对性别差异开始缩小,但这建立在LwD占比较高的情况下。在重点关注女性高龄老年人的功能状况的同时,应尽快建立起完备的长期照护体系。展开更多
文摘The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper
文摘健康期望寿命是人群健康综合测量的代表性指标,在国际上已得到广泛研究和应用。重点介绍了健康期望寿命指标的分类,对健康状态期望(health state expectancy,HSE)和健康调整期望寿命(health-adjusted life ex-pectancy,HALE)两类指标群进行了评价与比较,提出适宜研究资料的缺乏与计算方法的分歧是当前国内健康期望寿命研究应着力解决的两大重要问题。
文摘目的分析2020―2050年中国老年人口健康预期寿命(health expectancy,HE)及其性别差异的变化趋势,为中国人口长寿和健康之间的关系及其性别差异在未来的发展趋势提供证据和线索。方法基于2010年人口普查数据和1987年、2006年全国残疾人抽样调查数据,使用多状态人口预测模型(population-development-environment Analysis,PDE)和流行病学计算方法预测了死亡率和残疾率。使用Sullivan方法估计了2020―2050年50岁及以上人口分性别、年龄的无残疾预期寿命(disability-free life expectancy,DFLE)和伴随残疾预期寿命(life expectancy with disability,LwD)。结果中国老年人口的预期寿命(life expectancy,LE)在2020―2050年持续上升。其中,女性中LE的上升由LwD的上升所主导,而男性中DFLE的贡献略高。在75岁以下的女性和65岁以下的男性中呈现“功能残障扩张”且男性中更不明显;整个研究期间,80岁及以上女性的余寿中会有超过一半的时间伴随残疾度过,占比高于男性。女性的DFLE高于男性,绝对性别差异整体上随时期缩小,但在高龄老人中相对保持稳定;女性DLFE的占比低于男性,在2040年之后相对差异开始缩小,且在高龄老人中更明显。结论未来中国老年人口的功能状况可能会不断恶化。虽然在2040年之后DFLE的相对性别差异开始缩小,但这建立在LwD占比较高的情况下。在重点关注女性高龄老年人的功能状况的同时,应尽快建立起完备的长期照护体系。
