Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of pr...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of preterm babies, ROP has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness throughout the world. A simple screening test done within a few weeks after birth by an ophthalmologist can avoid this preventable blindness. Although screening guidelines and protocols are strictly followed in the developed nations, it lacks in developing economies like India and China, which have the highest number of preterm deliveries in the world. The burden of this blindness in these countries is set to increase tremendously in the future, if corrective steps are not taken immediately. ROP first emerged in 1940 s and 1950 s, when it was called retrolental fibroplasia. Several epidemics of this disease were and are still occurring in different regions of the world and since then a lot of research has been done on this disease. However, till date very few comprehensive review articles covering all the aspects of ROP are published. This review highlights the past, present and future strategies in managing this disease. It would help the pediatricians to update their current knowledge on ROP.展开更多
Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to con...Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.展开更多
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is a rare but critical obstetric-specific disease with a high fatality rate,posing a serious threat to the safety of mothers and infants.These guidelines were specially formulated t...Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is a rare but critical obstetric-specific disease with a high fatality rate,posing a serious threat to the safety of mothers and infants.These guidelines were specially formulated to standardize AFLP clinical pathways and to improve maternal and infant outcomes.Based on a two-round questionnaire survey,the guideline development team identified the following nine clinical issues that clinicians were most concerned about,and developed recommendations for each of them:prenatal outpatient screening for AFLP,diagnosis,preoperative risk assessment,delivery modes and timing,anesthesia methods,perinatal complications,selecting AFLP patients for artificial liver treatment,prognostic assessment,and monitoring during treatment.The guidelines cover the key issues related to AFLP diagnosis and treatment that concern clinicians.展开更多
Infertility seriously endangers the reproductive health of women at childbearing age.It is defined as the failure to achieve successful pregnancy after 1 year or more of regular unprotected intercourse.Broadly defined...Infertility seriously endangers the reproductive health of women at childbearing age.It is defined as the failure to achieve successful pregnancy after 1 year or more of regular unprotected intercourse.Broadly defined,infertility includes two aspects-failure to conceive or have a live birth.This guideline only addressed content relevant to the former.It was proposed by the gynecological endocrine group of the Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Chinese Medical Association,based on relevant guidelines of the World Health Organization,the American Society for Reproductive Medicine,the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,as well as the clinical practice in China.The guideline was reviewed by experts and doctors from medical institutions at all levels,which is applicable to the diagnosis of infertility by physicians in obstetrics,gynecology,and andrology at various medical institutions nationwide.展开更多
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina occurring principally in new born preterm infants. It is an avoidable cause of childhood blindness. With the increase in the survival of preterm babies, ROP has become the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness throughout the world. A simple screening test done within a few weeks after birth by an ophthalmologist can avoid this preventable blindness. Although screening guidelines and protocols are strictly followed in the developed nations, it lacks in developing economies like India and China, which have the highest number of preterm deliveries in the world. The burden of this blindness in these countries is set to increase tremendously in the future, if corrective steps are not taken immediately. ROP first emerged in 1940 s and 1950 s, when it was called retrolental fibroplasia. Several epidemics of this disease were and are still occurring in different regions of the world and since then a lot of research has been done on this disease. However, till date very few comprehensive review articles covering all the aspects of ROP are published. This review highlights the past, present and future strategies in managing this disease. It would help the pediatricians to update their current knowledge on ROP.
文摘Traffic count is the fundamental data source for transportation planning, management, design, and effectiveness evaluation. Recording traffic flow and counting from the recorded videos are increasingly used due to convenience, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Manual counting from pre-recorded video footage can be prone to inconsistencies and errors, leading to inaccurate counts. Besides, there are no standard guidelines for collecting video data and conducting manual counts from the recorded videos. This paper aims to comprehensively assess the accuracy of manual counts from pre-recorded videos and introduces guidelines for efficiently collecting video data and conducting manual counts by trained individuals. The accuracy assessment of the manual counts was conducted based on repeated counts, and the guidelines were provided from the experience of conducting a traffic survey on forty strip mall access points in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. The percentage of total error, classification error, and interval error were found to be 1.05 percent, 1.08 percent, and 1.29 percent, respectively. Besides, the percent root mean square errors (RMSE) were found to be 1.13 percent, 1.21 percent, and 1.48 percent, respectively. Guidelines were provided for selecting survey sites, instruments and timeframe, fieldwork, and manual counts for an efficient traffic data collection survey.
基金This work was supported by the Discipline Construction Funds of Xiangya Hospital Central South University.
文摘Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)is a rare but critical obstetric-specific disease with a high fatality rate,posing a serious threat to the safety of mothers and infants.These guidelines were specially formulated to standardize AFLP clinical pathways and to improve maternal and infant outcomes.Based on a two-round questionnaire survey,the guideline development team identified the following nine clinical issues that clinicians were most concerned about,and developed recommendations for each of them:prenatal outpatient screening for AFLP,diagnosis,preoperative risk assessment,delivery modes and timing,anesthesia methods,perinatal complications,selecting AFLP patients for artificial liver treatment,prognostic assessment,and monitoring during treatment.The guidelines cover the key issues related to AFLP diagnosis and treatment that concern clinicians.
文摘Infertility seriously endangers the reproductive health of women at childbearing age.It is defined as the failure to achieve successful pregnancy after 1 year or more of regular unprotected intercourse.Broadly defined,infertility includes two aspects-failure to conceive or have a live birth.This guideline only addressed content relevant to the former.It was proposed by the gynecological endocrine group of the Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Chinese Medical Association,based on relevant guidelines of the World Health Organization,the American Society for Reproductive Medicine,the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,as well as the clinical practice in China.The guideline was reviewed by experts and doctors from medical institutions at all levels,which is applicable to the diagnosis of infertility by physicians in obstetrics,gynecology,and andrology at various medical institutions nationwide.
