Knowledge on the home range size of a species or population is important for understanding its behavioral and social ecology and improving the effectiveness of conservation strategies. We studied the home range size o...Knowledge on the home range size of a species or population is important for understanding its behavioral and social ecology and improving the effectiveness of conservation strategies. We studied the home range size of two different-sized groups of golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia, China. The larger group(236 individuals)had a home range of 22.5 km2 from September2007 to July 2008, whereas the smaller group(62 individuals) occupied a home range of 12.4 km2 from November 2008 to July 2009. Both groups exhibited considerable seasonal variation in their home range size, which was likely due to seasonal changes in food availability and distribution. The home range in any given season(winter, spring, summer, or winter+spring+summer) of the larger group was larger than that of the smaller group. As the two groups were studied in the same area, with the confounding effects of food availability thus minimized, the positive relationship between home range size and group size suggested that scramble feeding competition increased within the larger group.展开更多
为了解决因妊娠母猪饲喂量难以精确控制,造成母猪体重大小不同,引起母猪繁殖能力低、仔猪淘汰率高等问题,试验设计了一种基于机器视觉的妊娠母猪饲喂站,采用机器视觉图像处理技术、无线射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)...为了解决因妊娠母猪饲喂量难以精确控制,造成母猪体重大小不同,引起母猪繁殖能力低、仔猪淘汰率高等问题,试验设计了一种基于机器视觉的妊娠母猪饲喂站,采用机器视觉图像处理技术、无线射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)技术、STM32单片机、工业相机、通信技术、软件技术、数据库技术结合独立采食的机械结构,实现妊娠母猪的精准饲喂,即利用RFID技术通过母猪佩戴的电子耳标对母猪个体进行识别;利用STM32单片机作为嵌入式控制单元与RFID读卡器通信,触发相机对进站的母猪拍照,通过图像处理技术实现母猪体况数据的获取;依据母猪体况、胎次、妊娠时间等相应参数计算母猪饲喂量,控制投料电机实现精准投料。通过对6台饲喂站进行多组下料测试,对比分析理论投料量与实际投料量的差异,并计算下料精度;对70头妊娠母猪进行人工背膘测量与饲喂站测量,计算饲喂站体况等级识别准确率。结果表明:该饲喂站投料精度高于95%,能够实现精准投料;体况等级评定准确率达到92.9%,能够自动获得妊娠母猪体况等级,并且该系统运行稳定。说明基于机器视觉的妊娠母猪饲喂站能够自动获得妊娠母猪体况等级,并依据相关参数实现了母猪的精准饲喂,降低了养殖成本,提升了养殖厂经济效益,实现生猪的智能化养殖。展开更多
This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organ...This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.展开更多
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Snub-nosed Monkeys,Scientific Research Grant for Youth Scholars from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,L.S.B.Leakey Foundation,and Primate Conservation Inc.
文摘Knowledge on the home range size of a species or population is important for understanding its behavioral and social ecology and improving the effectiveness of conservation strategies. We studied the home range size of two different-sized groups of golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia, China. The larger group(236 individuals)had a home range of 22.5 km2 from September2007 to July 2008, whereas the smaller group(62 individuals) occupied a home range of 12.4 km2 from November 2008 to July 2009. Both groups exhibited considerable seasonal variation in their home range size, which was likely due to seasonal changes in food availability and distribution. The home range in any given season(winter, spring, summer, or winter+spring+summer) of the larger group was larger than that of the smaller group. As the two groups were studied in the same area, with the confounding effects of food availability thus minimized, the positive relationship between home range size and group size suggested that scramble feeding competition increased within the larger group.
文摘为了解决因妊娠母猪饲喂量难以精确控制,造成母猪体重大小不同,引起母猪繁殖能力低、仔猪淘汰率高等问题,试验设计了一种基于机器视觉的妊娠母猪饲喂站,采用机器视觉图像处理技术、无线射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)技术、STM32单片机、工业相机、通信技术、软件技术、数据库技术结合独立采食的机械结构,实现妊娠母猪的精准饲喂,即利用RFID技术通过母猪佩戴的电子耳标对母猪个体进行识别;利用STM32单片机作为嵌入式控制单元与RFID读卡器通信,触发相机对进站的母猪拍照,通过图像处理技术实现母猪体况数据的获取;依据母猪体况、胎次、妊娠时间等相应参数计算母猪饲喂量,控制投料电机实现精准投料。通过对6台饲喂站进行多组下料测试,对比分析理论投料量与实际投料量的差异,并计算下料精度;对70头妊娠母猪进行人工背膘测量与饲喂站测量,计算饲喂站体况等级识别准确率。结果表明:该饲喂站投料精度高于95%,能够实现精准投料;体况等级评定准确率达到92.9%,能够自动获得妊娠母猪体况等级,并且该系统运行稳定。说明基于机器视觉的妊娠母猪饲喂站能够自动获得妊娠母猪体况等级,并依据相关参数实现了母猪的精准饲喂,降低了养殖成本,提升了养殖厂经济效益,实现生猪的智能化养殖。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.51209010 No.41001008+2 种基金 International Science ＆ Technology Cooperation Program of China, No.2011DFA20820 2011DFG93160 Fund from Tsinghua University, No.20121080027
文摘This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.
