Nowadays,with the irresistible trend of globalization and more increasing cultural exchanges among different cultures,there are more and more contacts and collisions from different cultural backgrounds.People can deri...Nowadays,with the irresistible trend of globalization and more increasing cultural exchanges among different cultures,there are more and more contacts and collisions from different cultural backgrounds.People can derive a lot from different cultures through communication.But if people cannot understand other cultures'customs,religions,habits,and so on very well,people will be faced with cultural clashes.Guasha Treatmen is Zheng Xiaolong's classical movie,which tells us a judicial conflict owing to red scars on a boy's back.In the movie,because the boy catches a cold,Chinese immigrates performs Guasha treatment to cure the boy while American people believes that the boy is treated badly.For the Chinese family in the movie,Guasha treatment is only a traditional medical therapy,but American people assume that it is an illegal act as they cannot understand Chinese medical culture.Hence,there exists misunderstanding and cultural conflicts because of cultural differences.This paper will be analyzed from the perspective of Greet Hofstede's three value dimensions so as to help people face the contradiction and conflicts in the process of cross-cultural communication and improve the ability of intercultural communication.展开更多
IN Semptember 1995 the Fourth World Conference on Women will be held in Beijing. Chinese women regard it as the biggest event to occur in their country. Preparations have already begun to welcome 20,000 sisters from t...IN Semptember 1995 the Fourth World Conference on Women will be held in Beijing. Chinese women regard it as the biggest event to occur in their country. Preparations have already begun to welcome 20,000 sisters from the five continents of the world. Beijing After the Chinese government formed the China Organizing Committee for the Fourth World Conference on Women, the All-China Women’s Federation organized the NGO Forum Committee. In July 1994 the ACWF展开更多
March 28 of this year is the second Tibetan Serfs Emancipation Day. People of all nationalities in Tibet marked the day by hoisting the national flag and by singing and dancing. Smiles were on every face and a festive...March 28 of this year is the second Tibetan Serfs Emancipation Day. People of all nationalities in Tibet marked the day by hoisting the national flag and by singing and dancing. Smiles were on every face and a festive atmosphere pervaded the snowcovered plateau region.展开更多
In this article, the authors propose the production of ethanol from cellulose as an alternative to oil. Cellulosic-ethanol will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means to prevent forest fires. This liquid...In this article, the authors propose the production of ethanol from cellulose as an alternative to oil. Cellulosic-ethanol will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means to prevent forest fires. This liquid dense fuel was selected because it： （1） easily transported and dispensed as a fuel; （2） can be handled by the existing fuel distribution infrastructure; and （3） unlike its commercial competitor, Me-OH （Methanol）, Et-OH （Ethanol）, is edible, thus being biodegradable and nontoxic. Forest residue ethanol is cheaper to produce and more environmentally friendly than other forms of ethanol fuel. Furthermore, forests would have less available ground fuel for fires. The potential decline of forest fires would then reduce the carbon footprint attributed directly to forest fires. In combination with ethanol fuel combustion, carbon emissions can be reduced by more than 70% compared to gasoline combustion. We used GREET （Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation） software to assess the life cycles of different fuel pathways. In conclusion, cellulosic ethanol fuel is clearly an answer to decrease dependency on current oil imports and prevent forest fires.展开更多
利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型...利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型,采用控制变量的方法分析了传统汽车和新能源汽车在排放量和能耗方面的区别,同时以4个能源结构差异明显的国家为例,对电动汽车从能耗和排放两个方面进行了环境性方面的分析.从模拟输出数据可以看出,以新能源为主的国家比较适合发展纯电动车,其排放量明显小于以化石能源为主的国家的排放量,可见研究能源结构和电源结构对新能源汽车的环境性影响意义较大,为政府和企业的决策提供了相应的对策和建议.展开更多
随着纯电动公交车在城市公共交通中应用越来越广泛,需要对纯电动公交车和传统柴油公交车进行全生命周期评估,并分析推广纯电动公交的可行性.通过美国阿贡实验室开发的GREET(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in tra...随着纯电动公交车在城市公共交通中应用越来越广泛,需要对纯电动公交车和传统柴油公交车进行全生命周期评估,并分析推广纯电动公交的可行性.通过美国阿贡实验室开发的GREET(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation model)软件,充分考虑油井-油泵、公交车运行、车身系统制造、液体系统制造、ADR(装配、报废和回收质量)以及电池制造等6个阶段能耗,结合公交车车型信息和路况信息,构建公交模型,并对公交模型进行能耗模拟、排放物模拟和经济效益评估.结果表明,若车身长度为12 m,车身质量为18 t时,纯电动公交车运行过程能耗仅占其总能耗的31.1%.相较于传统公交车,纯电动公交车全生命周期能耗减少29.1%,全生命周期内VOC、CO、NO_x等污染物排放量分别减少8.7%、36.7%、50.2%,温室气体CO_2的排放量减少19.7%.若公交车队规模为20辆,纯电动公交车使用年限为8 a,则纯电动公交车比例需超过12.7%才能实现盈利,单辆纯电动公交车若实现盈利至少需要3 a.展开更多
为分析在我国现有能源结构下发展氢燃料电池重卡相比传统能源重卡有何优势,本文基于生命周期评价方法,利用美国阿贡国家实验室研发的GREET(Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation)模型,采用控制变量...为分析在我国现有能源结构下发展氢燃料电池重卡相比传统能源重卡有何优势,本文基于生命周期评价方法,利用美国阿贡国家实验室研发的GREET(Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation)模型,采用控制变量法对比分析煤制氢和可再生能源制氢路径下的氢燃料电池重卡和柴油重卡的全生命周期空气污染物气体排放情况,并对可能影响车辆排放的因素进行敏感性分析,最后以榆林市重卡车队为例进行车队替换模型分析。模拟结果表明:采用可再生能源制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡相比柴油重卡平均减少了68.74%的各类空气污染物排放;采用煤制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡在CO、NO_(x)和CO_(2)这3种气体的排放水平均低于柴油重卡;可再生能源发电制氢比普通电解制氢平均减少氢燃料电池重卡92.41%的空气污染物排放;长途氢燃料电池重卡比短途氢燃料电池重卡减少12.57%的空气污染物排放;采取氢燃料电池重卡替换柴油重卡的策略预计到2030年能减少13.77%的车队整体空气污染物排放。本文在公路运输范畴内对氢能重卡的空气污染物排放水平进行分析,为后续氢能重卡的推广提供依据。展开更多
文摘Nowadays,with the irresistible trend of globalization and more increasing cultural exchanges among different cultures,there are more and more contacts and collisions from different cultural backgrounds.People can derive a lot from different cultures through communication.But if people cannot understand other cultures'customs,religions,habits,and so on very well,people will be faced with cultural clashes.Guasha Treatmen is Zheng Xiaolong's classical movie,which tells us a judicial conflict owing to red scars on a boy's back.In the movie,because the boy catches a cold,Chinese immigrates performs Guasha treatment to cure the boy while American people believes that the boy is treated badly.For the Chinese family in the movie,Guasha treatment is only a traditional medical therapy,but American people assume that it is an illegal act as they cannot understand Chinese medical culture.Hence,there exists misunderstanding and cultural conflicts because of cultural differences.This paper will be analyzed from the perspective of Greet Hofstede's three value dimensions so as to help people face the contradiction and conflicts in the process of cross-cultural communication and improve the ability of intercultural communication.
文摘IN Semptember 1995 the Fourth World Conference on Women will be held in Beijing. Chinese women regard it as the biggest event to occur in their country. Preparations have already begun to welcome 20,000 sisters from the five continents of the world. Beijing After the Chinese government formed the China Organizing Committee for the Fourth World Conference on Women, the All-China Women’s Federation organized the NGO Forum Committee. In July 1994 the ACWF
文摘March 28 of this year is the second Tibetan Serfs Emancipation Day. People of all nationalities in Tibet marked the day by hoisting the national flag and by singing and dancing. Smiles were on every face and a festive atmosphere pervaded the snowcovered plateau region.
文摘In this article, the authors propose the production of ethanol from cellulose as an alternative to oil. Cellulosic-ethanol will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means to prevent forest fires. This liquid dense fuel was selected because it： （1） easily transported and dispensed as a fuel; （2） can be handled by the existing fuel distribution infrastructure; and （3） unlike its commercial competitor, Me-OH （Methanol）, Et-OH （Ethanol）, is edible, thus being biodegradable and nontoxic. Forest residue ethanol is cheaper to produce and more environmentally friendly than other forms of ethanol fuel. Furthermore, forests would have less available ground fuel for fires. The potential decline of forest fires would then reduce the carbon footprint attributed directly to forest fires. In combination with ethanol fuel combustion, carbon emissions can be reduced by more than 70% compared to gasoline combustion. We used GREET （Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation） software to assess the life cycles of different fuel pathways. In conclusion, cellulosic ethanol fuel is clearly an answer to decrease dependency on current oil imports and prevent forest fires.
文摘利用美国阿贡国家实验室提出的"从油井到轮胎"(well-to-wheel,WTW)评价体系和交通运输中温室气体排放、排放控制和能源使用(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation,GREET)交通运输仿真模型,采用控制变量的方法分析了传统汽车和新能源汽车在排放量和能耗方面的区别,同时以4个能源结构差异明显的国家为例,对电动汽车从能耗和排放两个方面进行了环境性方面的分析.从模拟输出数据可以看出,以新能源为主的国家比较适合发展纯电动车,其排放量明显小于以化石能源为主的国家的排放量,可见研究能源结构和电源结构对新能源汽车的环境性影响意义较大,为政府和企业的决策提供了相应的对策和建议.
文摘随着纯电动公交车在城市公共交通中应用越来越广泛,需要对纯电动公交车和传统柴油公交车进行全生命周期评估,并分析推广纯电动公交的可行性.通过美国阿贡实验室开发的GREET(greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation model)软件,充分考虑油井-油泵、公交车运行、车身系统制造、液体系统制造、ADR(装配、报废和回收质量)以及电池制造等6个阶段能耗,结合公交车车型信息和路况信息,构建公交模型,并对公交模型进行能耗模拟、排放物模拟和经济效益评估.结果表明,若车身长度为12 m,车身质量为18 t时,纯电动公交车运行过程能耗仅占其总能耗的31.1%.相较于传统公交车,纯电动公交车全生命周期能耗减少29.1%,全生命周期内VOC、CO、NO_x等污染物排放量分别减少8.7%、36.7%、50.2%,温室气体CO_2的排放量减少19.7%.若公交车队规模为20辆,纯电动公交车使用年限为8 a,则纯电动公交车比例需超过12.7%才能实现盈利,单辆纯电动公交车若实现盈利至少需要3 a.
文摘为分析在我国现有能源结构下发展氢燃料电池重卡相比传统能源重卡有何优势,本文基于生命周期评价方法,利用美国阿贡国家实验室研发的GREET(Greenhouse gases,Regulated Emissions,and Energy use in Transportation)模型,采用控制变量法对比分析煤制氢和可再生能源制氢路径下的氢燃料电池重卡和柴油重卡的全生命周期空气污染物气体排放情况,并对可能影响车辆排放的因素进行敏感性分析,最后以榆林市重卡车队为例进行车队替换模型分析。模拟结果表明:采用可再生能源制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡相比柴油重卡平均减少了68.74%的各类空气污染物排放;采用煤制氢路径的氢燃料电池重卡在CO、NO_(x)和CO_(2)这3种气体的排放水平均低于柴油重卡;可再生能源发电制氢比普通电解制氢平均减少氢燃料电池重卡92.41%的空气污染物排放;长途氢燃料电池重卡比短途氢燃料电池重卡减少12.57%的空气污染物排放;采取氢燃料电池重卡替换柴油重卡的策略预计到2030年能减少13.77%的车队整体空气污染物排放。本文在公路运输范畴内对氢能重卡的空气污染物排放水平进行分析,为后续氢能重卡的推广提供依据。
