According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Ele...According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic)waves,it is inferred that the spherical vacuum space we are in undergoes outward helical motion at the speed of light following the right-hand screw rule,accompanied by a radial space expansion motion far less than the speed of light.Based on this space basis,we derive a unified field equation indicating that the gravitational field might be equivalent to the acceleration field of the radial expansion motion of our vacuum space,the strong nuclear force field presumably is generated by the light-rotation angular velocity of our space,the weak nuclear force field is most probably produced by its radial expansion motion and the electromagnetic field is undoubtedly produced by the radial linear motion of our space at the speed of light.We have also demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the LEM waves can generate artificial gravitational fields,and the LEM waves are the material basis of the unified field theory.Essentially,on Earth,time is the result of the relativistic length contraction effect caused by the radial space expansion speed,which leads to the rate of change of distance in the radial dimension on the unit radial space expansion speed.Moreover,based on the length contraction effect in special relativity,the time and space generated by the outward helical motion of space at the speed of light can be expressed as zero.This indicates that such motion not only does not affect the seemingly perpetually stationary space that we can constantly perceive but also enables the gravitational field formula to remain unchanged in our space.They constitute the spatio-temporal basis of the unified field theory.Based on our unified field theory,we have also discussed some forward-looking perspectives,such as motion at the speed of light,anti-gravitation fields,and interstellar t展开更多
The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate that electromagnetic and gravitational phenomenology are two different expressions of the same interaction that we can call “universal interaction”. In order to rea...The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate that electromagnetic and gravitational phenomenology are two different expressions of the same interaction that we can call “universal interaction”. In order to reach the aim, it is therefore necessary to imagine the matter in a slightly different way, as well as equivalent, to what has been done until today by the literature everywhere accepted. Even if differently imagined, this proposed structure of matter cannot and must not escape from reflecting the measurements and phenomenologies widely experimented in laboratories all over the world. In the proposed model the proton radius;the electron mass;the Avogadro constant;the existence and the mass of neutron and the existence of neutrino are theoretically derived. The main consequence is therefore a more general rewriting of Newton’s law of universal gravitation. A definitive value for the universal gravitational constant is proposed.展开更多
Using an alternative representation of the Ricci tensor, we argue that the theory of gravitation can be easily developed in such a way that the formal description of gravity in the transition from classical Newtonian ...Using an alternative representation of the Ricci tensor, we argue that the theory of gravitation can be easily developed in such a way that the formal description of gravity in the transition from classical Newtonian physics to general relativity remains essentially unchanged. That is to say, we show how arguments concerning the plausible conceptual compatibility of Newtonian and general-relativistic models of gravity can be replaced by a demonstration of their actual formal identity. More specifically, we find that both the classical Newtonian and the general relativistic field equations are equivalent to a velocity-field divergence equation of the form v [div (v)] + div (v,v) = -4πρ where the term div (v,v) is defined to be the trace of the square of the Jacobian derivative matrix of v (or of its general-relativistic analogue).展开更多
A well-known but erroneous notion of electron degeneracy pressure has misled Astrophysics for nearly a century now. Because of their electrostatic interactions, the electrons can never exchange their momentum with pos...A well-known but erroneous notion of electron degeneracy pressure has misled Astrophysics for nearly a century now. Because of their electrostatic interactions, the electrons can never exchange their momentum with positive ions through elastic collisions and hence can never provide the so-called electron degeneracy pressure in stellar cores to counter the effect of gravity. In situations of high core densities, when the mean separation distance between atoms or ions becomes less than the normal size of their parent atoms, their electrostatic repulsion will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a solid state. All degenerate stellar cores constitute a solid state and the radial and hoop stresses induced by self-gravitation are proportional to the square of radius (r<sup>2</sup>). As the size of a solid iron stellar core grows, its peripheral region will experience extreme compression and will get partially ionized due to the phenomenon of pressure ionization. All so-called Neutron Stars and Black Holes are in fact Ionized Solid Iron Stellar Bodies (ISISB). The presence of ions in the peripheral regions of the ISISB will be associated with the circulation of degenerate electrons around the surface, thereby producing strong magnetic fields. A positive excess of ionic charge in all ISISB becomes a source of Ionic Gravitation through the process of polarization of neutral atoms and molecules in stellar bodies. These ISISB are the primary constituents of AGN and are the source of all non-stellar radiation and Jets of ionized matter.展开更多
The observed correlation of the angular momenta L<sup>ik</sup> and magnetic moments μ<sub>lm</sub> of celestial bodies (the Sun, planets and stars) was discussed by many au...The observed correlation of the angular momenta L<sup>ik</sup> and magnetic moments μ<sub>lm</sub> of celestial bodies (the Sun, planets and stars) was discussed by many authors but without any explanation. In this paper, a possible explanation of this phenomenon is suggested. It is shown that the function satisfies Maxwell equations and can be considered as a function which determines the electro-magnetic properties of rotating heavy bodies. The R<sub>iklm</sub> is the Riemann tensor, which determines the gravitational field of the body, r<sub>g</sub> is the gravitational radius of the body, and η is the constant which has to be determined by observations. The field Φ<sub>lm</sub> describes the observed correlation. It explains the stability of magnetic field of white dwarfs and neutron stars despite the ohmic dissipation. The function Φ<sub>l0</sub><sub></sub> describes the electric field created by rotating heavy bodies. The presented theory does not contradict any existed experiments and observations.展开更多
For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formu...For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formula of the gravity of the transmission route for the packet, and propose a routing strategy based on the gravitational field of the node and the routing awareness depth. In order to characterize the efficiency of the method, we introduce an order parameter, η, to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from free flow to congestion, and use the node betweenness centrality, B, to test the transmission efficiency of the network and congestion distribution. We simulate the network transmission performance under different values of the routing awareness depth, ρ. Simulation results show that if the value of the routing awareness depth p is too small, then the gravity of the route is composed of the attraction of very few nodes on the route, which cannot improve the capacity of the network effectively. If the value of the routing awareness depth ρ is greater than the network＇s average distance （l）, then the capacity of the network may be improved greatly and no longer change with the sustainable increment of routing awareness depth p, and the routing strategy performance enters into a constant state. Moreover, whatever the value of the routing awareness depth p, our algorithm always effectively balances the distribution of the betweenness centrality and realizes equal distribution of the network load.展开更多
The central interaction of bodies is investigated, which enhances the Newtonian interaction by the exponential factor. As a consequence, it has been shown that Black Holes are subordinate to this enhanced interaction....The central interaction of bodies is investigated, which enhances the Newtonian interaction by the exponential factor. As a consequence, it has been shown that Black Holes are subordinate to this enhanced interaction. All Black Holes can be systematized in accordance with their mass, the radius of the event horizon and the gravitational field intensity exponent, created by the Black Hole.展开更多
A central interaction of bodies which at short distances is stronger than Newtonian is considered. It is shown that the escape velocity from a body is essentially more than the escape velocity given by Newton’s theor...A central interaction of bodies which at short distances is stronger than Newtonian is considered. It is shown that the escape velocity from a body is essentially more than the escape velocity given by Newton’s theory. The connection of the new central interaction with the gravitational radius of a black hole is found. It is shown that the gravitational radius of a black hole may be arbitrarily large.展开更多
文摘According to special relativity,the relationship of electromagnetic conversion in a linear moving vacuum and the relationship formula between the magnetic vector potential/scalar potential and the LEM(Longitudinal Electromagnetic)waves,it is inferred that the spherical vacuum space we are in undergoes outward helical motion at the speed of light following the right-hand screw rule,accompanied by a radial space expansion motion far less than the speed of light.Based on this space basis,we derive a unified field equation indicating that the gravitational field might be equivalent to the acceleration field of the radial expansion motion of our vacuum space,the strong nuclear force field presumably is generated by the light-rotation angular velocity of our space,the weak nuclear force field is most probably produced by its radial expansion motion and the electromagnetic field is undoubtedly produced by the radial linear motion of our space at the speed of light.We have also demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the LEM waves can generate artificial gravitational fields,and the LEM waves are the material basis of the unified field theory.Essentially,on Earth,time is the result of the relativistic length contraction effect caused by the radial space expansion speed,which leads to the rate of change of distance in the radial dimension on the unit radial space expansion speed.Moreover,based on the length contraction effect in special relativity,the time and space generated by the outward helical motion of space at the speed of light can be expressed as zero.This indicates that such motion not only does not affect the seemingly perpetually stationary space that we can constantly perceive but also enables the gravitational field formula to remain unchanged in our space.They constitute the spatio-temporal basis of the unified field theory.Based on our unified field theory,we have also discussed some forward-looking perspectives,such as motion at the speed of light,anti-gravitation fields,and interstellar t
文摘The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate that electromagnetic and gravitational phenomenology are two different expressions of the same interaction that we can call “universal interaction”. In order to reach the aim, it is therefore necessary to imagine the matter in a slightly different way, as well as equivalent, to what has been done until today by the literature everywhere accepted. Even if differently imagined, this proposed structure of matter cannot and must not escape from reflecting the measurements and phenomenologies widely experimented in laboratories all over the world. In the proposed model the proton radius;the electron mass;the Avogadro constant;the existence and the mass of neutron and the existence of neutrino are theoretically derived. The main consequence is therefore a more general rewriting of Newton’s law of universal gravitation. A definitive value for the universal gravitational constant is proposed.
文摘Using an alternative representation of the Ricci tensor, we argue that the theory of gravitation can be easily developed in such a way that the formal description of gravity in the transition from classical Newtonian physics to general relativity remains essentially unchanged. That is to say, we show how arguments concerning the plausible conceptual compatibility of Newtonian and general-relativistic models of gravity can be replaced by a demonstration of their actual formal identity. More specifically, we find that both the classical Newtonian and the general relativistic field equations are equivalent to a velocity-field divergence equation of the form v [div (v)] + div (v,v) = -4πρ where the term div (v,v) is defined to be the trace of the square of the Jacobian derivative matrix of v (or of its general-relativistic analogue).
文摘A well-known but erroneous notion of electron degeneracy pressure has misled Astrophysics for nearly a century now. Because of their electrostatic interactions, the electrons can never exchange their momentum with positive ions through elastic collisions and hence can never provide the so-called electron degeneracy pressure in stellar cores to counter the effect of gravity. In situations of high core densities, when the mean separation distance between atoms or ions becomes less than the normal size of their parent atoms, their electrostatic repulsion will force them into a lattice gridlock, leading to a solid state. All degenerate stellar cores constitute a solid state and the radial and hoop stresses induced by self-gravitation are proportional to the square of radius (r<sup>2</sup>). As the size of a solid iron stellar core grows, its peripheral region will experience extreme compression and will get partially ionized due to the phenomenon of pressure ionization. All so-called Neutron Stars and Black Holes are in fact Ionized Solid Iron Stellar Bodies (ISISB). The presence of ions in the peripheral regions of the ISISB will be associated with the circulation of degenerate electrons around the surface, thereby producing strong magnetic fields. A positive excess of ionic charge in all ISISB becomes a source of Ionic Gravitation through the process of polarization of neutral atoms and molecules in stellar bodies. These ISISB are the primary constituents of AGN and are the source of all non-stellar radiation and Jets of ionized matter.
文摘The observed correlation of the angular momenta L<sup>ik</sup> and magnetic moments μ<sub>lm</sub> of celestial bodies (the Sun, planets and stars) was discussed by many authors but without any explanation. In this paper, a possible explanation of this phenomenon is suggested. It is shown that the function satisfies Maxwell equations and can be considered as a function which determines the electro-magnetic properties of rotating heavy bodies. The R<sub>iklm</sub> is the Riemann tensor, which determines the gravitational field of the body, r<sub>g</sub> is the gravitational radius of the body, and η is the constant which has to be determined by observations. The field Φ<sub>lm</sub> describes the observed correlation. It explains the stability of magnetic field of white dwarfs and neutron stars despite the ohmic dissipation. The function Φ<sub>l0</sub><sub></sub> describes the electric field created by rotating heavy bodies. The presented theory does not contradict any existed experiments and observations.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100184110019)the 2013 Cultivation Project of Excellent Doctorate Dissertation of Southwest Jiaotong University+4 种基金the 2013 Doctoral Innovation Funds of Southwest Jiaotong Universitythe Natural Science Research Program of Chongqing Educational Committee,China (Grant No. KJ120528)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2011M501412)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41201475/D0108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. A0920502051208-16)
文摘For further research on the gravity mechanism of the routing protocol in complex networks, we introduce the concept of routing awareness depth, which is represented by p. On this basis, we define the calculation formula of the gravity of the transmission route for the packet, and propose a routing strategy based on the gravitational field of the node and the routing awareness depth. In order to characterize the efficiency of the method, we introduce an order parameter, η, to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from free flow to congestion, and use the node betweenness centrality, B, to test the transmission efficiency of the network and congestion distribution. We simulate the network transmission performance under different values of the routing awareness depth, ρ. Simulation results show that if the value of the routing awareness depth p is too small, then the gravity of the route is composed of the attraction of very few nodes on the route, which cannot improve the capacity of the network effectively. If the value of the routing awareness depth ρ is greater than the network＇s average distance （l）, then the capacity of the network may be improved greatly and no longer change with the sustainable increment of routing awareness depth p, and the routing strategy performance enters into a constant state. Moreover, whatever the value of the routing awareness depth p, our algorithm always effectively balances the distribution of the betweenness centrality and realizes equal distribution of the network load.
文摘The central interaction of bodies is investigated, which enhances the Newtonian interaction by the exponential factor. As a consequence, it has been shown that Black Holes are subordinate to this enhanced interaction. All Black Holes can be systematized in accordance with their mass, the radius of the event horizon and the gravitational field intensity exponent, created by the Black Hole.
文摘A central interaction of bodies which at short distances is stronger than Newtonian is considered. It is shown that the escape velocity from a body is essentially more than the escape velocity given by Newton’s theory. The connection of the new central interaction with the gravitational radius of a black hole is found. It is shown that the gravitational radius of a black hole may be arbitrarily large.
