A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific...A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed.展开更多
The use of the RAPD technique was investigated on a set of 73 genotypes of 18 wild grape species native to China, and one interspecific hybrid, seven Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, one rootstock cultivar and one str...The use of the RAPD technique was investigated on a set of 73 genotypes of 18 wild grape species native to China, and one interspecific hybrid, seven Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, one rootstock cultivar and one strain of V. riparia L. Genetic diversity among these grapes was investigated based on RAPD analysis. The screening of 280 decamer oligonucleotides allowed the selection of 20 primers used for the analysis. A total of 191 RAPD markers were produced from the 20 selected primers. Relationships among the 83 clones or accessions based on their genetic distances were clustered using unweighted pair_group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis in a dendrogram. Twenty_two clusters which fortunately adapted to 22 grape species level were clearly resolved on the dendrogram. The 18 wild grape species native to China were grouped into ten subclusters. The largest distance was found between V. riparia L., V. vinifera L., interspecific hybrid ( V. vinifera L.× V. larbrusca L.) and the wild grapes native to China. Among the wild grapes native to China, the largest distance was found between V. hancockii Hance and the other wild species. V. qinlingensis P.C.He was the second. Large genetic variation occurred among the different flower_type clones in one species.展开更多
本文分别从观测试验分析研究、地形降水物理机制以及地形降水模拟与可预报性研究等方面回顾了近年来对地形降水观测、数值模拟和预报方法方面取得的进展。概括了近些年来开展的若干地形降水观测试验、数值模式的若干线性地形降水方案,...本文分别从观测试验分析研究、地形降水物理机制以及地形降水模拟与可预报性研究等方面回顾了近年来对地形降水观测、数值模拟和预报方法方面取得的进展。概括了近些年来开展的若干地形降水观测试验、数值模式的若干线性地形降水方案,以及模式中次网格地形参数化效应对地形降水预报的影响。回顾了包括地形维度与几何分布、水汽分布及水汽凝结效应、大气稳定性等对地形降水的影响机制,并基于线性地形降水方案,综合考虑了次网格地形阻塞效应和大气降水概率因子,利用GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式检验了新简化线性地形降水参数化方案的应用情况。指出对地形降水机理研究和预报技术的改进,需进一步开展多种地形观测试验和多源资料机理分析,研究不同尺度天气系统在多尺度复杂地形下的相互作用,改进数值模式动力、物理精度以及资料同化理论技术,以期提高对地形降水的认识水平和数值模拟能力。展开更多
基金Key Technologies Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2001BA607B02)National Key Technology Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2006BAC02B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40575050)
文摘A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed.
基金openfoundationofNationalKeyBiotechnologyLaboratoryforTropicalCropsHaikou China
文摘The use of the RAPD technique was investigated on a set of 73 genotypes of 18 wild grape species native to China, and one interspecific hybrid, seven Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, one rootstock cultivar and one strain of V. riparia L. Genetic diversity among these grapes was investigated based on RAPD analysis. The screening of 280 decamer oligonucleotides allowed the selection of 20 primers used for the analysis. A total of 191 RAPD markers were produced from the 20 selected primers. Relationships among the 83 clones or accessions based on their genetic distances were clustered using unweighted pair_group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis in a dendrogram. Twenty_two clusters which fortunately adapted to 22 grape species level were clearly resolved on the dendrogram. The 18 wild grape species native to China were grouped into ten subclusters. The largest distance was found between V. riparia L., V. vinifera L., interspecific hybrid ( V. vinifera L.× V. larbrusca L.) and the wild grapes native to China. Among the wild grapes native to China, the largest distance was found between V. hancockii Hance and the other wild species. V. qinlingensis P.C.He was the second. Large genetic variation occurred among the different flower_type clones in one species.
文摘本文分别从观测试验分析研究、地形降水物理机制以及地形降水模拟与可预报性研究等方面回顾了近年来对地形降水观测、数值模拟和预报方法方面取得的进展。概括了近些年来开展的若干地形降水观测试验、数值模式的若干线性地形降水方案,以及模式中次网格地形参数化效应对地形降水预报的影响。回顾了包括地形维度与几何分布、水汽分布及水汽凝结效应、大气稳定性等对地形降水的影响机制,并基于线性地形降水方案,综合考虑了次网格地形阻塞效应和大气降水概率因子,利用GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)模式检验了新简化线性地形降水参数化方案的应用情况。指出对地形降水机理研究和预报技术的改进,需进一步开展多种地形观测试验和多源资料机理分析,研究不同尺度天气系统在多尺度复杂地形下的相互作用,改进数值模式动力、物理精度以及资料同化理论技术,以期提高对地形降水的认识水平和数值模拟能力。
