Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular d...Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular diseases in China remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the national profile of the common types ofglomerulonephritis in China. Methods： We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wanfang databases for English and Chinese language articles from inception to September 2017. We also collected potentially relevant studies and reviews using a manual search. The fbllowing words in combinations are as keywords： ＂renal biopsy＂, ＂kidney pathological diagnosis＂, and ＂spectrum of pathological types＂. Results： We identified 23 studies involving 176,355 patients from 15 provinces/cities in China. The detection rates of primary glomerulonephritis （PGN） and secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN） were 0.740 and 0.221, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the top five types of PGN were immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN; 24.3%）, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN; 10.5%）, membranous nephropathy （MN; 12.6%）, minimal change disease （MCD; 9.8%）, and tbcal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS; 4.6%）, and the top four types of SGN were lupus nephritis （LN; 8.6%）, Henoch-Sch6nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （4.1%）, hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis （HBV-GN; 2.6%）, and diabetic nephropathy （DN; 1.6%）. The proportion of MN, MCD, HBV-GN, and DN tended to increase, while those of IgAN, MsPGN, FSGS, and LN tended to drop. Conclusions： Although the incidence of SGN is increasing gradually, PGN is still the leading lbrm of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal biopsies in China. IgAN and LN are the most common types of PGN and SGN, respectively. Differences between regions are related to various factors such as nationality, environment, and diet. Furthermore, unified standards and norms 展开更多
Objective: To observe the expression of TLR4 in kidney tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy and discuss the role of TLR4 in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy. Methods: A total of 60 clean ...Objective: To observe the expression of TLR4 in kidney tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy and discuss the role of TLR4 in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy. Methods: A total of 60 clean male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the modeling group and control group after 1 week of breeding, including 30 rats in each group. Biochemical indices as well as the protein expression of TLR4 were observed and compared between two groups at 2 w, 4 w, 6 w, 8 w and 12 w after the modeling, and the correlation between TLR4 and each biochemical indexes was analyzed. Results: Rats in the modeling group had higher levels of blood glucose, 24-hour urine protein and blood urea nitrogen after the modeling, and showed the increase in the serum creatinine, kidney/body weight ratio, CRP and serum TNF-毩 at 4w after the modeling, with the significant difference compared to results of the control group ( P <0.05). The cross-section area and mean volume of glomerulus in the modeling group at 4 w, 6 w, 8 w and 12 w were significantly higher than those in the control group, with the statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The expression of TLR4 at each time point in the control group was relatively low. Rats in the modeling group had the high expression of TLR4 in kidney's glomerular basement membrane, proximal convoluted tubule and renal interstitial area since 2 w, with the significant difference compared to the control group ( P <0.05). The expression in rats of the modeling group was higher than the one of the control group since the 2nd week. As the time flied, its expression increased, with the statistically significant difference between two groups ( P <0.05). There was certain correlation between the protein expression of TLR4 and the increased serum titer of 24hour urine protein excretion, serum creatinine, CRP and TNF-毩. Conclusions: TLR4 may activate the immuno-inflammatory reactions to play a role in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
文摘Background： Chronic kidney disease has become a leading public health concern in China, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. However, the overall situation regarding common glomerular diseases in China remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the national profile of the common types ofglomerulonephritis in China. Methods： We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wanfang databases for English and Chinese language articles from inception to September 2017. We also collected potentially relevant studies and reviews using a manual search. The fbllowing words in combinations are as keywords： ＂renal biopsy＂, ＂kidney pathological diagnosis＂, and ＂spectrum of pathological types＂. Results： We identified 23 studies involving 176,355 patients from 15 provinces/cities in China. The detection rates of primary glomerulonephritis （PGN） and secondary glomerulonephritis （SGN） were 0.740 and 0.221, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the top five types of PGN were immunoglobulin A nephropathy （IgAN; 24.3%）, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN; 10.5%）, membranous nephropathy （MN; 12.6%）, minimal change disease （MCD; 9.8%）, and tbcal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS; 4.6%）, and the top four types of SGN were lupus nephritis （LN; 8.6%）, Henoch-Sch6nlein purpura glomerulonephritis （4.1%）, hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis （HBV-GN; 2.6%）, and diabetic nephropathy （DN; 1.6%）. The proportion of MN, MCD, HBV-GN, and DN tended to increase, while those of IgAN, MsPGN, FSGS, and LN tended to drop. Conclusions： Although the incidence of SGN is increasing gradually, PGN is still the leading lbrm of kidney disease in patients undergoing renal biopsies in China. IgAN and LN are the most common types of PGN and SGN, respectively. Differences between regions are related to various factors such as nationality, environment, and diet. Furthermore, unified standards and norms
文摘Objective: To observe the expression of TLR4 in kidney tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy and discuss the role of TLR4 in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy. Methods: A total of 60 clean male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the modeling group and control group after 1 week of breeding, including 30 rats in each group. Biochemical indices as well as the protein expression of TLR4 were observed and compared between two groups at 2 w, 4 w, 6 w, 8 w and 12 w after the modeling, and the correlation between TLR4 and each biochemical indexes was analyzed. Results: Rats in the modeling group had higher levels of blood glucose, 24-hour urine protein and blood urea nitrogen after the modeling, and showed the increase in the serum creatinine, kidney/body weight ratio, CRP and serum TNF-毩 at 4w after the modeling, with the significant difference compared to results of the control group ( P <0.05). The cross-section area and mean volume of glomerulus in the modeling group at 4 w, 6 w, 8 w and 12 w were significantly higher than those in the control group, with the statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The expression of TLR4 at each time point in the control group was relatively low. Rats in the modeling group had the high expression of TLR4 in kidney's glomerular basement membrane, proximal convoluted tubule and renal interstitial area since 2 w, with the significant difference compared to the control group ( P <0.05). The expression in rats of the modeling group was higher than the one of the control group since the 2nd week. As the time flied, its expression increased, with the statistically significant difference between two groups ( P <0.05). There was certain correlation between the protein expression of TLR4 and the increased serum titer of 24hour urine protein excretion, serum creatinine, CRP and TNF-毩. Conclusions: TLR4 may activate the immuno-inflammatory reactions to play a role in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy.
