There are two methods widely used for evaluating the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund： （i） Target Reserve Ratio and （ii） Credit Risk Model. Target Reserve Ratio is one of the macro level indicators more often s...There are two methods widely used for evaluating the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund： （i） Target Reserve Ratio and （ii） Credit Risk Model. Target Reserve Ratio is one of the macro level indicators more often set by Regulatory act on the basis of minimum Deposit Insurance Fund margin safety, Target Reserve Ratio is calculated as the ratio of Deposit Insurance Fund to the value of insured deposits. However, TRR does not take into consideration the level of Deposit Insurance potential liability, the Loss at Given Default （LGD） and the historical trend of default rate prevailing among the insured banks. It does not also consider the present condition of the economy and current scenario of the banking sector. This paper discusses primarily about development of Credit Risk Model for evaluating the Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy. For this purpose, Econometric Credit Risk Model was developed based on the historical data of bank failures and the associated losses of the last 25 years from 1990-91 to 2014-15. The model assesses various possible factors impacting the Deposit Insurance Fund： Default rate, Deposit growth, Exposures, impact of macro-economic factors like GDP, GDS, Inflation and Interest rate changes, etc. on the Deposit Insurance Fund through econometric modeling. The model evaluates the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund under both （i） Normal scenarios where there is no （economic） systemic risk assumed and （ii） Worst case scenario at 1% level of significance using Monte Carlo Simulation. Since the model empirically validates all the critical factors impacting the assets and liabilities associated with Loss at Given Default, the model output can also be used to determine a suitable Target Reserve Ratio and such models are being used in countries like USA, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore, etc. （IADI, 2009）. More importantly, the model outputs are quite useful in determining the adequacy of deposit insurance fund which is an effective risk control measure that organization li展开更多
针对PSD激光探测对给定目标回波信号的影响研究,文章首先介绍脉冲激光探测系统仿真逻辑模型示意图,并且根据激光回波功率的数学模型,计算脉冲激光输出功率为10 m W时,相关参数给定时回波功率和输出光电流的输出情况;分析仿真入射角度、...针对PSD激光探测对给定目标回波信号的影响研究,文章首先介绍脉冲激光探测系统仿真逻辑模型示意图,并且根据激光回波功率的数学模型,计算脉冲激光输出功率为10 m W时,相关参数给定时回波功率和输出光电流的输出情况;分析仿真入射角度、反射率及探测距离对于回波信号的影响,通过Multisim电路仿真观察微弱电流信号放大滤波电路后输出电压的情况,并且通过实验验证不同入射角和照射在PSD探测器不同位置对其输出信号的影响;最后,分析了PSD激光脉冲探测输出信号和光电转换模型的联系。通过对不同目标的回波信号(输出电压)进行实验,观察实际输出结果与理论比较接近,为PSD探测器的输出信号处理设计和应用研究提供参考价值。展开更多
文摘There are two methods widely used for evaluating the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund： （i） Target Reserve Ratio and （ii） Credit Risk Model. Target Reserve Ratio is one of the macro level indicators more often set by Regulatory act on the basis of minimum Deposit Insurance Fund margin safety, Target Reserve Ratio is calculated as the ratio of Deposit Insurance Fund to the value of insured deposits. However, TRR does not take into consideration the level of Deposit Insurance potential liability, the Loss at Given Default （LGD） and the historical trend of default rate prevailing among the insured banks. It does not also consider the present condition of the economy and current scenario of the banking sector. This paper discusses primarily about development of Credit Risk Model for evaluating the Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy. For this purpose, Econometric Credit Risk Model was developed based on the historical data of bank failures and the associated losses of the last 25 years from 1990-91 to 2014-15. The model assesses various possible factors impacting the Deposit Insurance Fund： Default rate, Deposit growth, Exposures, impact of macro-economic factors like GDP, GDS, Inflation and Interest rate changes, etc. on the Deposit Insurance Fund through econometric modeling. The model evaluates the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund under both （i） Normal scenarios where there is no （economic） systemic risk assumed and （ii） Worst case scenario at 1% level of significance using Monte Carlo Simulation. Since the model empirically validates all the critical factors impacting the assets and liabilities associated with Loss at Given Default, the model output can also be used to determine a suitable Target Reserve Ratio and such models are being used in countries like USA, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore, etc. （IADI, 2009）. More importantly, the model outputs are quite useful in determining the adequacy of deposit insurance fund which is an effective risk control measure that organization li
文摘针对PSD激光探测对给定目标回波信号的影响研究,文章首先介绍脉冲激光探测系统仿真逻辑模型示意图,并且根据激光回波功率的数学模型,计算脉冲激光输出功率为10 m W时,相关参数给定时回波功率和输出光电流的输出情况;分析仿真入射角度、反射率及探测距离对于回波信号的影响,通过Multisim电路仿真观察微弱电流信号放大滤波电路后输出电压的情况,并且通过实验验证不同入射角和照射在PSD探测器不同位置对其输出信号的影响;最后,分析了PSD激光脉冲探测输出信号和光电转换模型的联系。通过对不同目标的回波信号(输出电压)进行实验,观察实际输出结果与理论比较接近,为PSD探测器的输出信号处理设计和应用研究提供参考价值。
