Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global food security. The rice blast pathosystem is a longstanding model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions. In order to elucidate the coevo...Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global food security. The rice blast pathosystem is a longstanding model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions. In order to elucidate the coevolution of the host and pathogen, and provide the appropriate methods for preventing or controlling rice blast disease, researchers have focused on the evolution of virulence factors and resistance genes. Thus far, more than 30 rice blast resistance（R） genes and 12 avirulence（Avr） genes have been cloned. This review summarizes the cloned rice blast R genes, cloned Avr genes of M. oryzae and the interaction between them. This discussion also considers some of the major unanswered questions concerning this pathosystem and the opportunities for future investigations.展开更多
Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, researc...Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre （CIMMYT） were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield （〉 6 t/ha） among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22,7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes （2n） from T. turgidum-Ae, tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.展开更多
构建了以C aM V 35s启动子驱动的含有番茄几丁质酶基因(Ch i3)的植物表达载体,通过冻融法导入根癌农杆菌(A g robacterium tum ef aciens)菌株EHA 105中,用叶盘法转化西瓜(C itru llus lana tus)栽培种“中育1号”,通过PCR、Sou thern b...构建了以C aM V 35s启动子驱动的含有番茄几丁质酶基因(Ch i3)的植物表达载体,通过冻融法导入根癌农杆菌(A g robacterium tum ef aciens)菌株EHA 105中,用叶盘法转化西瓜(C itru llus lana tus)栽培种“中育1号”,通过PCR、Sou thern b lot和RT-PCR鉴定,表明外源基因已成功整合到西瓜基因组中,并获得表达。利用尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型进行的转基因植株叶片粗提液抑菌效果检测,表明转基因植株的抗病性均有一定程度的增强。展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1405212)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300707)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2017J01618)the 100 Talent Project from Fujian Province to Dr.Daniel J.Ebbole (Texas A&M University, USA)
文摘Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global food security. The rice blast pathosystem is a longstanding model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions. In order to elucidate the coevolution of the host and pathogen, and provide the appropriate methods for preventing or controlling rice blast disease, researchers have focused on the evolution of virulence factors and resistance genes. Thus far, more than 30 rice blast resistance（R） genes and 12 avirulence（Avr） genes have been cloned. This review summarizes the cloned rice blast R genes, cloned Avr genes of M. oryzae and the interaction between them. This discussion also considers some of the major unanswered questions concerning this pathosystem and the opportunities for future investigations.
基金supported by the National 863 pro-gram (No. 2006AA10Z1C6)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771338 and 30700495)+1 种基金"100-Talent Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province
文摘Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre （CIMMYT） were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield （〉 6 t/ha） among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22,7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes （2n） from T. turgidum-Ae, tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.
文摘构建了以C aM V 35s启动子驱动的含有番茄几丁质酶基因(Ch i3)的植物表达载体,通过冻融法导入根癌农杆菌(A g robacterium tum ef aciens)菌株EHA 105中,用叶盘法转化西瓜(C itru llus lana tus)栽培种“中育1号”,通过PCR、Sou thern b lot和RT-PCR鉴定,表明外源基因已成功整合到西瓜基因组中,并获得表达。利用尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型进行的转基因植株叶片粗提液抑菌效果检测,表明转基因植株的抗病性均有一定程度的增强。
