Plants have acquired sophisticated stress response systems to adapt to changing environments. It is important to understand plants＇ stress response mechanisms in the effort to improve crop productivity under stressfu...Plants have acquired sophisticated stress response systems to adapt to changing environments. It is important to understand plants＇ stress response mechanisms in the effort to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. The AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biological functions of AP2/ERFs in a variety of plant species were analyzed. AP2/ERFs, especially those in DREB and ERF subfamilies, are ideal candidates for crop improvement because their overexpression enhances tolerances to drought, salt, freezing, as well as resistances to multiple diseases in the transgenic plants. The comprehensive analysis of physiological functions is useful in elucidating the biological roles of AP2/ERF family genes in gene interaction, pathway regulation, and defense response under stress environments, which should provide new opportunities for the crop tolerance engineering.展开更多
AIM To study the abnormal expression of β-catenin gene and its relationship with invasiveness of primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Chinese people.METHODS Thirty-four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and ...AIM To study the abnormal expression of β-catenin gene and its relationship with invasiveness of primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Chinese people.METHODS Thirty-four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and adjacent para-cancerous tissues, 4 normal liver tissues were immunohistochemically stained to study subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Semiquantitive analysis of expression of β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The relationship between expressions of both β-catenin protein, mRNA and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC was also analyzed.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that all normal liver tissues and para-cancerous tissues examined displayed membranous type staining for β-catenin protein,occasionally with weak expression in the cytoplasm.While 21 cases (61.8%) of HCC examined showed accumulated type in cytoplasms or nuclei. The accumuled type Labling Index (LI) of cancer tissue and paracancarous tissue was (59.9 ± 26.3) and (18.3 ± 9.7)respectively (P＜0.01). Higher accumulated type LI was closely related with invasiveness of HCC. Results of RTPCR showed the β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA Expression Index (El) of 34 HCCs was higher than that of paracancerous tissue and normal liver tissue. Using in situ hybridization, the signal corresponding to β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was particularly strong in cytoplasm of HCC when compared with those of para-cancerous and normal liver tissues. Over expression of β-catenin exon 3 was also found to be correlated with high metastatic potential of HCC.CONCLUSION Abnormal expression of β-catenin gene may contribute importantly to the invasiveness of HCC among Chinese people.展开更多
目的运用网络药理学分析方法进行仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的药理机制分析。方法借助中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台以及中药综合数据库获取仙灵骨葆活性成分以及相关靶标,运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制“活性成分-靶标...目的运用网络药理学分析方法进行仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的药理机制分析。方法借助中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台以及中药综合数据库获取仙灵骨葆活性成分以及相关靶标,运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制“活性成分-靶标”网络图,以“osteoporosis”为关键词从GeneCards:The Human Gene Database获取OP相关基因,运用STRING数据分析平台进行PPI(protein-protein interaction)网络分析,运用DAVID数据分析平台进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)生物过程富集以及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,并运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制“通路-靶标”网络图。结果共获取仙灵骨葆相关活性成分115种,核心活性成分有槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、淫羊藿苷元、丹参酮IIA等。活性成分所涉及的靶标共有301个,核心靶标有PTGS2、PTGS1、ESR1等。PPI网络显示了111种核心蛋白之间的互作关系,主要与调节细胞周期有关。GO富集生物过程经筛选后共获得46项,所得生物过程亦与细胞周期有关,正调控NF-kappaB转录活性因子的过程是OP发生的机制之一,与现有研究符合。KEGG通路富集共获得37项,提示仙灵骨葆治疗OP作用集中于PI3K-Akt、TNF、MAPK、Estrogen等信号通路。结论仙灵骨葆核心活性成分中,黄酮类化合物主要通过调节OPG/RANK/RANKL,抑制破骨细胞,促进成骨细胞分化;淫羊藿苷元可增强成骨细胞活性。核心靶标PTGS2可限制M-CSF以及RANKL的表达,进而影响成骨/破骨细胞分化;雌激素受体与绝经后骨质疏松密切相关。核心通路如PI3K-Akt信号通路可增加骨量、促进成骨细胞分化;TNF信号通路、MAPK信号通路等均与成骨细胞分化有关;雌激素信号通路以及GnRh信号通路为仙灵骨葆干预绝经后骨质疏松提供依据。因此仙灵骨葆干预OP机制是通过多种途径、多种靶标、多种信号通路同时�展开更多
目的:基于网络药理学,探讨“荆芥-防风”药对的功效物质基础和配伍药理机制。方法:采用网络药理学方法,利用网络数据库检索荆芥-防风药对中的化学成分及其作用靶点;利用STRING平台构建蛋白互作网络(protein protein interaction,PPI),...目的:基于网络药理学,探讨“荆芥-防风”药对的功效物质基础和配伍药理机制。方法:采用网络药理学方法,利用网络数据库检索荆芥-防风药对中的化学成分及其作用靶点;利用STRING平台构建蛋白互作网络(protein protein interaction,PPI),依据度值和介数挑选关键靶蛋白;利用DAVID数据库对关键靶基因进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)生物过程富集和聚类分析,并对靶点的京都基因和基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)信号通路进行分析。结果:通过口服利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)和类药性(drug-likeness,DL)条件筛选出27个荆芥-防风药对活性化合物,相应作用靶点208个,PPI网络包含118个靶点。GO富集分析包含GO条目377个,其中生物过程相关条目305个,分子功能相关条目27个,细胞组分相关条目45个,KEGG通路富集分析包含KEGG条目84条。结论:荆芥-防风药对的有效化合物成分可能通过调控抑癌基因TP53(tumor protein p53,TP53)、AKT1、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、血管内皮生长因子A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGFA)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、细胞周期素D1(G1/S-specific cyclin-D1,CCND1)及周期表依赖性激酶因子1A(cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1,CDKN1A)等靶点,使基因功能富集于肿瘤细胞信号通路、病毒感染、病毒致癌信号通路和PI3K-Akt、p53信号通路等通路,从而清除外邪侵达到祛风解表的目的。展开更多
开花时间对植物的繁殖成功至关重要。广泛分布的物种经常发生开花时间的分化,从而能够更好地适应不同的环境条件。为了探索植物开花行为发生适应性分化的分子机制,首先要明确调控开花行为的遗传通路。本文梳理了植物各类群调控开花时间...开花时间对植物的繁殖成功至关重要。广泛分布的物种经常发生开花时间的分化,从而能够更好地适应不同的环境条件。为了探索植物开花行为发生适应性分化的分子机制,首先要明确调控开花行为的遗传通路。本文梳理了植物各类群调控开花时间的遗传通路,以期为开花时间适应性分化的分子机制研究提供依据。植物从营养生长向繁殖转变时,其开花行为主要受到光照、温度、水分等外界环境因子和赤霉素等内在因素的影响。通过对模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和其他类群的研究,总结出了调控植物开花时间的6条通路,包括日照长度和光质影响开花的光依赖通路,长时间冷暴露后促进植物开花的春化通路,高温或低温环境影响开花的温度通路,以及赤霉素通路、年龄通路和自主通路3条内部调节过程。植物开花时间调控的6条上游通路信号传递到下游的开花整合基因FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)和SOC1(SUPPRESSOR OF OVER-EXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1),整合基因将这些复杂的调节因子整合后进一步传递到下游花分生组织,从而启动开花。此外,非编码RNA、转座子对开花时间的调控也具有重要作用。部分遗传通路被证实在植物适应环境的过程中起到了重要作用。目前对植物开花调控的研究已经有一百多年历史,理论相对成熟。然而,仍然存在许多具有争议和未解决的问题,如开花基因的表达方式、开花行为的特殊调控机制、开花时间变异的适应性意义等等,需要更进一步的研究。展开更多
基金supported by the National Transgenic Key Project of MOA(201 1ZX08002-002 and 2009ZX08009-083B)
文摘Plants have acquired sophisticated stress response systems to adapt to changing environments. It is important to understand plants＇ stress response mechanisms in the effort to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. The AP2/ERF transcription factors are known to regulate diverse processes of plant development and stress responses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biological functions of AP2/ERFs in a variety of plant species were analyzed. AP2/ERFs, especially those in DREB and ERF subfamilies, are ideal candidates for crop improvement because their overexpression enhances tolerances to drought, salt, freezing, as well as resistances to multiple diseases in the transgenic plants. The comprehensive analysis of physiological functions is useful in elucidating the biological roles of AP2/ERF family genes in gene interaction, pathway regulation, and defense response under stress environments, which should provide new opportunities for the crop tolerance engineering.
基金National Ninth Five-year Plan of Medical Sciences of China(96-9064)105)
文摘AIM To study the abnormal expression of β-catenin gene and its relationship with invasiveness of primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Chinese people.METHODS Thirty-four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and adjacent para-cancerous tissues, 4 normal liver tissues were immunohistochemically stained to study subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Semiquantitive analysis of expression of β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The relationship between expressions of both β-catenin protein, mRNA and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC was also analyzed.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that all normal liver tissues and para-cancerous tissues examined displayed membranous type staining for β-catenin protein,occasionally with weak expression in the cytoplasm.While 21 cases (61.8%) of HCC examined showed accumulated type in cytoplasms or nuclei. The accumuled type Labling Index (LI) of cancer tissue and paracancarous tissue was (59.9 ± 26.3) and (18.3 ± 9.7)respectively (P＜0.01). Higher accumulated type LI was closely related with invasiveness of HCC. Results of RTPCR showed the β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA Expression Index (El) of 34 HCCs was higher than that of paracancerous tissue and normal liver tissue. Using in situ hybridization, the signal corresponding to β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was particularly strong in cytoplasm of HCC when compared with those of para-cancerous and normal liver tissues. Over expression of β-catenin exon 3 was also found to be correlated with high metastatic potential of HCC.CONCLUSION Abnormal expression of β-catenin gene may contribute importantly to the invasiveness of HCC among Chinese people.
文摘目的运用网络药理学分析方法进行仙灵骨葆治疗骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的药理机制分析。方法借助中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台以及中药综合数据库获取仙灵骨葆活性成分以及相关靶标,运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制“活性成分-靶标”网络图,以“osteoporosis”为关键词从GeneCards:The Human Gene Database获取OP相关基因,运用STRING数据分析平台进行PPI(protein-protein interaction)网络分析,运用DAVID数据分析平台进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)生物过程富集以及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,并运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制“通路-靶标”网络图。结果共获取仙灵骨葆相关活性成分115种,核心活性成分有槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、淫羊藿苷元、丹参酮IIA等。活性成分所涉及的靶标共有301个,核心靶标有PTGS2、PTGS1、ESR1等。PPI网络显示了111种核心蛋白之间的互作关系,主要与调节细胞周期有关。GO富集生物过程经筛选后共获得46项,所得生物过程亦与细胞周期有关,正调控NF-kappaB转录活性因子的过程是OP发生的机制之一,与现有研究符合。KEGG通路富集共获得37项,提示仙灵骨葆治疗OP作用集中于PI3K-Akt、TNF、MAPK、Estrogen等信号通路。结论仙灵骨葆核心活性成分中,黄酮类化合物主要通过调节OPG/RANK/RANKL,抑制破骨细胞,促进成骨细胞分化;淫羊藿苷元可增强成骨细胞活性。核心靶标PTGS2可限制M-CSF以及RANKL的表达,进而影响成骨/破骨细胞分化;雌激素受体与绝经后骨质疏松密切相关。核心通路如PI3K-Akt信号通路可增加骨量、促进成骨细胞分化;TNF信号通路、MAPK信号通路等均与成骨细胞分化有关;雌激素信号通路以及GnRh信号通路为仙灵骨葆干预绝经后骨质疏松提供依据。因此仙灵骨葆干预OP机制是通过多种途径、多种靶标、多种信号通路同时�
文摘开花时间对植物的繁殖成功至关重要。广泛分布的物种经常发生开花时间的分化,从而能够更好地适应不同的环境条件。为了探索植物开花行为发生适应性分化的分子机制,首先要明确调控开花行为的遗传通路。本文梳理了植物各类群调控开花时间的遗传通路,以期为开花时间适应性分化的分子机制研究提供依据。植物从营养生长向繁殖转变时,其开花行为主要受到光照、温度、水分等外界环境因子和赤霉素等内在因素的影响。通过对模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和其他类群的研究,总结出了调控植物开花时间的6条通路,包括日照长度和光质影响开花的光依赖通路,长时间冷暴露后促进植物开花的春化通路,高温或低温环境影响开花的温度通路,以及赤霉素通路、年龄通路和自主通路3条内部调节过程。植物开花时间调控的6条上游通路信号传递到下游的开花整合基因FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)和SOC1(SUPPRESSOR OF OVER-EXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1),整合基因将这些复杂的调节因子整合后进一步传递到下游花分生组织,从而启动开花。此外,非编码RNA、转座子对开花时间的调控也具有重要作用。部分遗传通路被证实在植物适应环境的过程中起到了重要作用。目前对植物开花调控的研究已经有一百多年历史,理论相对成熟。然而,仍然存在许多具有争议和未解决的问题,如开花基因的表达方式、开花行为的特殊调控机制、开花时间变异的适应性意义等等,需要更进一步的研究。
