Fish biology has been developed for more than 100 years,but some important breakthroughs have been made in the last decade.Early studies commonly concentrated on morphology,phylogenetics,development,growth,reproductio...Fish biology has been developed for more than 100 years,but some important breakthroughs have been made in the last decade.Early studies commonly concentrated on morphology,phylogenetics,development,growth,reproduction manipulation,and disease control.Recent studies have mostly focused on genetics,molecular biology,genomics,and genome biotechnologies,which have provided a solid foundation for enhancing aquaculture to ensure food security and improving aquatic environments to sustain ecosystem health.Here,we review research advances in five major areas:(1)biological innovations and genomic evolution of four significant fish lineages including non-teleost ray-finned fishes,northern hemisphere sticklebacks,East African cichlid fishes,and East Asian cyprinid fishes;(2)evolutionary fates and consequences of natural polyploid fishes;(3)biological consequences of fish domestication and selection;(4)development and innovation of fish breeding biotechnologies;and(5)applicable approaches and potential of fish genetic breeding biotechnologies.Moreover,five precision breeding biotechniques are examined and discussed in detail including gene editing for the introgression or removal of beneficial or detrimental alleles,use of sex-specific markers for the production of mono-sex populations,controllable primordial germ cell on-off strategy for producing sterile offspring,surrogate broodstock-based strategies to accelerate breeding,and genome incorporation and sexual reproduction regainbased approach to create synthetic polyploids.Based on these scientific and technological advances,we propose a blueprint for genetic improvement and new breed creation for aquaculture species and analyze the potential of these new breeding strategies for improving aquaculture seed industry and strengthening food security.展开更多
AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed...AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70. Ethanol (500mL.L(-1), i.g.) was used to induce gastric mucosa damage. RESULTS: RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL.L(-1) ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7d sleep deprivation (19.15 +/- 4.2)mm(2) was significantly lower (P【0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 +/- 8.1) mm(2). CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.展开更多
在非洲和一些亚洲国家高粱为重要的粮食作物,也是酿造、饲料加工和生物能源的原料。近年来高粱已成为重要的模式植物,分子生物学研究已发掘出与淀粉和蛋白的含量、可消化性、籽粒香味、花青素、单宁和前维生素含量及粒重等性状连锁的分...在非洲和一些亚洲国家高粱为重要的粮食作物,也是酿造、饲料加工和生物能源的原料。近年来高粱已成为重要的模式植物,分子生物学研究已发掘出与淀粉和蛋白的含量、可消化性、籽粒香味、花青素、单宁和前维生素含量及粒重等性状连锁的分子标记,找到了控制重要性状的关键功能基因包括糯性(wx-Sb10g002140)、淀粉含量(淀粉合成酶SSIIb基因Sb04g028060)、蛋白组分(22 k Daα-醇溶蛋白基因Sb05g024420)、籽粒花青素(myb转录因子Y-Sb01g037670和二氢黄酮醇还原酶基因Sb03g028880和Sb03g028890)、单宁(WD40-结构域蛋白TTG1基因Sb04g031730)等,为分子标记辅助选择育种和转基因途径改良高粱籽粒品质奠定了基础。展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)the Consulting Research Projects of Hubei Institute of Chinese Engineering Development Strategies and Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021-SM02-B-010)+2 种基金the Key Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC025)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-07)the Autonomous Project of the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2019FBZ04).
文摘Fish biology has been developed for more than 100 years,but some important breakthroughs have been made in the last decade.Early studies commonly concentrated on morphology,phylogenetics,development,growth,reproduction manipulation,and disease control.Recent studies have mostly focused on genetics,molecular biology,genomics,and genome biotechnologies,which have provided a solid foundation for enhancing aquaculture to ensure food security and improving aquatic environments to sustain ecosystem health.Here,we review research advances in five major areas:(1)biological innovations and genomic evolution of four significant fish lineages including non-teleost ray-finned fishes,northern hemisphere sticklebacks,East African cichlid fishes,and East Asian cyprinid fishes;(2)evolutionary fates and consequences of natural polyploid fishes;(3)biological consequences of fish domestication and selection;(4)development and innovation of fish breeding biotechnologies;and(5)applicable approaches and potential of fish genetic breeding biotechnologies.Moreover,five precision breeding biotechniques are examined and discussed in detail including gene editing for the introgression or removal of beneficial or detrimental alleles,use of sex-specific markers for the production of mono-sex populations,controllable primordial germ cell on-off strategy for producing sterile offspring,surrogate broodstock-based strategies to accelerate breeding,and genome incorporation and sexual reproduction regainbased approach to create synthetic polyploids.Based on these scientific and technological advances,we propose a blueprint for genetic improvement and new breed creation for aquaculture species and analyze the potential of these new breeding strategies for improving aquaculture seed industry and strengthening food security.
文摘AIM: To investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense. METHODS: Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70. Ethanol (500mL.L(-1), i.g.) was used to induce gastric mucosa damage. RESULTS: RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL.L(-1) ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7d sleep deprivation (19.15 +/- 4.2)mm(2) was significantly lower (P【0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 +/- 8.1) mm(2). CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.
文摘在非洲和一些亚洲国家高粱为重要的粮食作物,也是酿造、饲料加工和生物能源的原料。近年来高粱已成为重要的模式植物,分子生物学研究已发掘出与淀粉和蛋白的含量、可消化性、籽粒香味、花青素、单宁和前维生素含量及粒重等性状连锁的分子标记,找到了控制重要性状的关键功能基因包括糯性(wx-Sb10g002140)、淀粉含量(淀粉合成酶SSIIb基因Sb04g028060)、蛋白组分(22 k Daα-醇溶蛋白基因Sb05g024420)、籽粒花青素(myb转录因子Y-Sb01g037670和二氢黄酮醇还原酶基因Sb03g028880和Sb03g028890)、单宁(WD40-结构域蛋白TTG1基因Sb04g031730)等,为分子标记辅助选择育种和转基因途径改良高粱籽粒品质奠定了基础。
