Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such ben...Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.展开更多
为探讨不同形态猪粪短期存储和施用全过程的气态氮(N)损失特征,优化猪粪清储模式,以猪粪生浆液(PS)、固液分离液态组分(LF)、固液分离固态组分(SF)和风干猪粪(DM)为研究对象,利用原位气体采集法和盆栽试验,针对粪肥气态氮损失主要形式—...为探讨不同形态猪粪短期存储和施用全过程的气态氮(N)损失特征,优化猪粪清储模式,以猪粪生浆液(PS)、固液分离液态组分(LF)、固液分离固态组分(SF)和风干猪粪(DM)为研究对象,利用原位气体采集法和盆栽试验,针对粪肥气态氮损失主要形式——NH_(3)挥发和N_(2)O排放,开展了不同形态猪粪存储及施用过程中的气态氮损失特征研究,并比较了4种形态猪粪施用后生菜产量和氮素利用效率(NUE)。结果表明:存储和施用全过程中,各形态猪粪的总气态氮损失达12.4%~20.9%,其中PS最高,SF最低;气态氮损失主要发生在存储/风干过程,占总气态氮损失的58.6%~76.3%。不同形态猪粪存储/施用过程的气态氮损失形态差异显著,在存储过程,LF和DM以NH_(3)挥发为主,分别占存储过程气态氮损失的71.5%和49.8%,而PS(38.0%)和SF(31.4%)的NH_(3)挥发占比相对较低;在施用过程,LF的气态氮损失依然以NH_(3)挥发为主,排放系数达到9.7%,其他形态猪粪NH_(3)挥发排放系数仅为3.3%~3.9%。SF经存储初级发酵后施用的资源化利用模式效果最优,其生菜产量(33.2 t·hm^(-2))及NUE最高,而等N施用下LF和PS对作物生长具有抑制作用。猪粪施用后N_(2)O排放带来的增温潜势达2.01~4.26 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2),具有较高的温室效应。综上,猪粪的清储模式宜选择干清粪或者固液分离模式,液态部分可通过酸化等方式降低NH_(3)挥发损失,而固态组分可在简单堆肥发酵处理后进行农田资源化利用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41601323 and 41401345)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture of China (No. Y20160033)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0801101)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015M581753)
文摘Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.However, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.
文摘为探讨不同形态猪粪短期存储和施用全过程的气态氮(N)损失特征,优化猪粪清储模式,以猪粪生浆液(PS)、固液分离液态组分(LF)、固液分离固态组分(SF)和风干猪粪(DM)为研究对象,利用原位气体采集法和盆栽试验,针对粪肥气态氮损失主要形式——NH_(3)挥发和N_(2)O排放,开展了不同形态猪粪存储及施用过程中的气态氮损失特征研究,并比较了4种形态猪粪施用后生菜产量和氮素利用效率(NUE)。结果表明:存储和施用全过程中,各形态猪粪的总气态氮损失达12.4%~20.9%,其中PS最高,SF最低;气态氮损失主要发生在存储/风干过程,占总气态氮损失的58.6%~76.3%。不同形态猪粪存储/施用过程的气态氮损失形态差异显著,在存储过程,LF和DM以NH_(3)挥发为主,分别占存储过程气态氮损失的71.5%和49.8%,而PS(38.0%)和SF(31.4%)的NH_(3)挥发占比相对较低;在施用过程,LF的气态氮损失依然以NH_(3)挥发为主,排放系数达到9.7%,其他形态猪粪NH_(3)挥发排放系数仅为3.3%~3.9%。SF经存储初级发酵后施用的资源化利用模式效果最优,其生菜产量(33.2 t·hm^(-2))及NUE最高,而等N施用下LF和PS对作物生长具有抑制作用。猪粪施用后N_(2)O排放带来的增温潜势达2.01~4.26 t CO_(2)e·hm^(-2),具有较高的温室效应。综上,猪粪的清储模式宜选择干清粪或者固液分离模式,液态部分可通过酸化等方式降低NH_(3)挥发损失,而固态组分可在简单堆肥发酵处理后进行农田资源化利用。
