Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate change.New technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen bio...Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate change.New technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 production.Methane production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention strategies.Strategies to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and goats.Methane emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency improved.Although some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production systems.The objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host responses.Thus,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.展开更多
Food consumption is necessary for human survival.On a global scale,the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29%of the total GHG emission.China has the largest population in the wor...Food consumption is necessary for human survival.On a global scale,the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29%of the total GHG emission.China has the largest population in the world,which is experiencing a rapid development.Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents,it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption.This study aims to employ a single-region input-output(SRIO)model and a multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors,uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities),as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level.The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO_(2)e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO_(2)e in 2017.The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products.Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased,the gap between them is increasing.Agriculture,processing and manufacture of food,manufacture of chemical and transportation,storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions.From a regional perspective,the top five emission provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities)include Shandong,Hubei,Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Based on such results,policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.展开更多
秸秆还田和氮肥施用是影响稻田土壤固碳潜力和温室气体排放的重要农作措施。通过研究油菜秸秆全量还田并配合施入不同量氮肥(150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2)和375 kg·hm^(-2))对稻田土壤固碳量和温室气体排放的影响,评估综合增温潜...秸秆还田和氮肥施用是影响稻田土壤固碳潜力和温室气体排放的重要农作措施。通过研究油菜秸秆全量还田并配合施入不同量氮肥(150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2)和375 kg·hm^(-2))对稻田土壤固碳量和温室气体排放的影响,评估综合增温潜势,对分析秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田固碳效果有重要作用。结果表明,与单施氮肥和单施秸秆处理相比,秸秆还田配施氮肥显著增加土壤固碳量,秸秆配施氮肥处理固碳量最高值为147.74 kg·hm^(-2),比单施氮肥处理平均高出38%。在降低温室效应方面,与单施氮肥相比,秸秆配施氮肥处理显著降低N_2O的累积排放量;与单一秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆配施氮肥处理显著提高水稻产量,降低CO_2的累积排放量,但在一定程度上增加了CH_4的排放。秸秆配施氮肥处理的温室气体强度和综合温室效应分别为0.372、5 394.22 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),显著低于单施氮肥处理的0.630、9 339.94 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),以及单一秸秆还田处理的0.816、9 872.2 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),因此,秸秆还田配施氮肥是降低温室气体排放强度、减缓净温室效应的有效措施。展开更多
文摘Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate change.New technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 production.Methane production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention strategies.Strategies to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and goats.Methane emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency improved.Although some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production systems.The objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host responses.Thus,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.
文摘Food consumption is necessary for human survival.On a global scale,the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29%of the total GHG emission.China has the largest population in the world,which is experiencing a rapid development.Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents,it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption.This study aims to employ a single-region input-output(SRIO)model and a multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors,uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities),as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level.The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO_(2)e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO_(2)e in 2017.The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products.Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased,the gap between them is increasing.Agriculture,processing and manufacture of food,manufacture of chemical and transportation,storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions.From a regional perspective,the top five emission provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities)include Shandong,Hubei,Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Based on such results,policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.
文摘秸秆还田和氮肥施用是影响稻田土壤固碳潜力和温室气体排放的重要农作措施。通过研究油菜秸秆全量还田并配合施入不同量氮肥(150、225、300 kg·hm^(-2)和375 kg·hm^(-2))对稻田土壤固碳量和温室气体排放的影响,评估综合增温潜势,对分析秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田固碳效果有重要作用。结果表明,与单施氮肥和单施秸秆处理相比,秸秆还田配施氮肥显著增加土壤固碳量,秸秆配施氮肥处理固碳量最高值为147.74 kg·hm^(-2),比单施氮肥处理平均高出38%。在降低温室效应方面,与单施氮肥相比,秸秆配施氮肥处理显著降低N_2O的累积排放量;与单一秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆配施氮肥处理显著提高水稻产量,降低CO_2的累积排放量,但在一定程度上增加了CH_4的排放。秸秆配施氮肥处理的温室气体强度和综合温室效应分别为0.372、5 394.22 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),显著低于单施氮肥处理的0.630、9 339.94 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),以及单一秸秆还田处理的0.816、9 872.2 kg CO_2-eq·hm^(-2),因此,秸秆还田配施氮肥是降低温室气体排放强度、减缓净温室效应的有效措施。
